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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency and dated 8 March 2010, was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It gives a historical and technical review of how to reach space and return. It covers hypersonic gliders, air-breathing and rocket propulsion, thermodynamics and materials, and launch options. It argues that reliable, schedulable access to low Earth orbit is mainly a hardware and propulsion problem rather than a technology one.
“Gross”7 pages
UNCLASSIFIED/ /FSA: SFFlil.t.k 'l!ilE 8HLV Figure 18, radiation equilibrium skin temperature is the skin temperature that results when the radiated thermal energy stemming from the skin temperature equals the input aerodynamic heating minus any conduction into the airframe. 1,000°F-- "4,300'F _/ ALE :0,5 In. 1,000°F\ 1,200° F \ 1,500"F ·~\ .. *6,40Q°F 900'F 900° F 800°F- \~ ~2,200'F "3,800' F RL[ = 1.6 in. 1,000"F- RN= 0.5 in. /' f:0.7 _/ \2,500'F J2,400°F 2.600°F- - - 1,2oo·F- \_2300°F ' \__ 2,200" F 2,400°F- Upper Surface I I I 'Lower Surface L2.4oo•F Figure 18. FDL-7C/D, Model 176 Entry Temperature Distribution. Upper-surface heating is minimized by cross-section geometry. Figure 19 is a thermographic phosphor image of the model in Figure 17 at a 12- degree angle of attack (maximum L/D ratio) at mach 12. Even at mach 12, there are vortices embedded in the boundary layer. The three black dots are heat transfer gauges that were used to establish the value for qredn Figure 19. The stagnation heat transfer was 25 times the reference value. This technique, when calibrated with the reference heat transfer gauges, provided a rapid and accurate means to determine heat transfer distributions with a minimum of installed gauges. The technique was adopted by other wind tunnel facilities, including the Arnold Engineering Development Center at Tullahoma, Tennessee. 19 COHOOUS> OF Figure 19. Even at Mach 12, Embedded Vortices in the Boundary Layer Alter the Local Heat Transfer UNCLASSIFIED/ ,u;sa SFFIGIPL IP&'i SIik¥
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 56 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.