Defense Intelligence Reference Document Quantum Tomography Of Negative Energy States In The Vacuum

UNCLASSIFIEDi/P&I\ &I I ICIAL USE 014Lf
REVIEW OF NEGATIVE (or SUB-VACUUM) ENERGY
Overview
The implementation of faster-than-light (FTL) interstellar travel via traversable
wormholes or warp drives or other antigravity forces for propulsion, generally requires
the engineering of spacetime into very specialized local geometries surrounding the
immediate vicinity of the aerospace vehicle undergoing this type of motion. The
analysis of these via the general relativistic field equation plus the resultant source
matter equations of state demonstrates that such geometries require the use of
"exotic" matter in order to produce the requisite FTL or antigravity spacetime
modification. Exotic matter is generally defined by general relativity physics to be
matter that possesses (renormalized) negative energy density (sometimes negative
stress-tension = outward pressure, a.k.a. gravitational repulsion or antigravity), and
this is a very misunderstood and misapplied term by the non-general relativity
community. We clear up this misconception by defining what negative energy is, where
it can be found in nature, and we also review the two primary experimental concepts
that are known to produce negative energy in the laboratory. Also, it has been claimed
that FTL and antigravity spacetimes are not plausible because exotic matter violates the
general relativistic energy conditions. However, it has been shown that this is a
spurious issue. The identification, magnitude, and production of exotic matter is seen
to be a key technical challenge, however. FTL and antigravity spacetimes also possess
features that challenge the notions of causality and there are alleged constraints placed
upon them by quantum effects. Reference [1] reviews and summarizes these issues
with an assessment on the present state of their resolution.
What exactly is "exotic" matter? In classical physics the energy density of all observed
forms of matter (fields) is non-negative. What is exotic about the type of matter that
must be used to produce traversable wormhole, warp drive, or antigravity spacetimes is
that it must have negative energy density and/or negative flux [7]. The energy density
is "negative" in the sense that the configuration of matter fields we must deploy to
produce a traversable wormhole, warp drive, or antigravity effect must have an energy
density, PE(= pc2, where pis the rest-mass density), that is less than or equal to its
pressures/tensions, /Ji [8, 9].* In many cases, these equations of state are also known
to possess an energy density that is algebraically negative, i.e., the energy density and
flux are less than zero. It is on the basis of these conditions that we call this material
property "exotic." The condition for ordinary, classical (non-exotic) forms of matter
that we are all familiar with in nature is that PE> /Ji and/or PE;::: 0. These conditions
represent two examples of what are variously called the "standard" energy conditions
which are computed from the trace of the matter stress-energy tensort: Weak Energy
Condition (WEC: pr:;::: 0, PE+ /Ji~ 0), Null Energy Condition (NEC: PE+ /Ji~ 0),
Dominant Energy Condition (DEC), and Strong Energy Condition (SEC). These energy
conditions forbid negative energy density between material objects to occur in nature,
but they are mere hypotheses. Hawking and Ellis [10] formulated the energy conditions
in order to establish a series of mathematical hypotheses governing the behavior of
'From this point forward, all Latin letters (e.g., i, j, k = L.3) that appear as indices on physical quantities denote
the usual 3-dimensional space coordinates, x' x 3 , indicating the spatial components of vector or tensor quantities.
'The stress-energy-momentum tensor is a matrix quantity that encodes the density and flux of energy and
momentum for any type of matter under study.
3
UNCLASSIFIED//509 AFFIGIPk W&liii SU.kif