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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellites

Defense Intelligence Agency · 77 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 1 November 2010, was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It describes nanosatellite technologies and proposes launching nanosats into orbit with laser Lightcraft propulsion. It also covers a weapon mission selection study and multi-megawatt laser options. The author recommends that the Department of Defense and NASA bring Lightcraft R&D back to the United States and restart the X-50LR flight demonstration program.

  • p. 8 …The sensor must be capable of detecting Earth over a range of orbital radii with a…
  • p. 17 …For the purpose of this report, we envision a Lightcraft Earth-to-Orbit (ETD) transportation system…
  • p. 34 …not only placing nanosats into LEO at low cost (Figure 14), but also for performing much…
  • p. 42 …Each picosat is gravity- gradient stable, has a dipole array facing Earth, and a broader beam…
  • p. 43 …811L¥ push broom scanning mode for complete Earth coverage rather than only sampling coverage. The constellation…
  • p. 72 …The system is single-stage-to-orbit and completely reusable with no onboard propellant required (the…
  • p. 75 …J., et al. (1991), "System Requirements for Low-Earth-Orbit Launch Using Laser Propulsion," in Proc…
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An outline of the conceptual design features of the proposed 10 MW electron gun-driven
CO2/gas mixture laser is [29]:
• Scalability of total beam output power, beam combining concept.
• Power oscillator or master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) design.
• Unstable optical resonator cavity with grating and rotating mirrors beam-combine
techniques.
• Flow and gas handling system with blow down and exhaust to the atmosphere.
• Acoustics suppression with expansion horn downstream and anode muffler.
In this concept there are four separate laser transmitters each generating 2.5 MW
output beams that are combined into a single 10 MW output beam. The oscillator
parameters for each beam transmitter are [29]:
• Energy loading, Ep: Ep = 300 J (higher loadings at reduced gas temperature);
gain volume = 0.27 m 3 (x 4 lasers); A to K = 0.3 m; gain length = 3 m.
• Specific laser output = 65 J/1.
• Estimated extraction efficiency = 20%.
• Pulse repetition rate: 125 Hz@ 20μs.
• Laser power, P = 2.5 MW/beam x 4 beams = 10 MW.
• Laser energy per pulse = 18 kJ/beam x 4 beams = 72 kJ.
• Output wavelengths: 10.6 ~tm, 10.2 ~tm, 9.6 ~tm, and 9.3 μm (mixed).
• Gas mixture ratio (for N2:CO2:H2): 3:1:0.08.
• Gas pressure = 1.013 x 10 5 Pa (or 1 atmosphere).
• Flash factor= 1.3.
The optical resonator cavity and optical components specifications are [29]:
• Resonator type: confocal unstable with rotating mirrors beam combining.
• Magnification, M = 4.
• Cavity length, L = 36.5 m.
• Equivalent Fresnel number = 3.4.
• Cavity end mirrors radius of curvature: RMirror1 = 97.3 m (concave), RM1rror2 = 24.3
m (convex).
• Gain cell: volume= 0.3 x 0.3 x 3.0 m 3 , length= 3 m.
• Beam combine mirrors: 75 x 75 cm 2 flat (30 x 30 cm 2 apertures) @ f. = 10.59
~Lm.
• Low pressure hot cell: 0.3 to 0.5 GHz suppression near line center.
• Output scraper mirror: D = 0.075 m (taped).
See Figure 16 and Figure 17 for schematics of the power oscillator optics and the MOPA.
The laser operation requirements for the gas flow system are (see Figure 18) [29]:
• Flow System: blow down.
• Gain Section
• Cross-section, A= 0.3 m x 3.0 m = 0.9 m 2 .
• Volume, V = 0.3 m x 0.3 m x 3.0 m = 0.27 m 3 .
• Flow speed, u = SO m/sec (@ 125 Hz & flash factor= 1.3).
• Dynamic pressure, !'..P = 2000 Pa (or 0.02 atmospheres).
• Mass flow rate, Q = 60 kg/sec per module ( 45 m 3/sec std).
• Run time, t = 300 seconds
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 77 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.