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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellites

Defense Intelligence Agency · 77 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 1 November 2010, was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It describes nanosatellite technologies and proposes launching nanosats into orbit with laser Lightcraft propulsion. It also covers a weapon mission selection study and multi-megawatt laser options. The author recommends that the Department of Defense and NASA bring Lightcraft R&D back to the United States and restart the X-50LR flight demonstration program.

  • p. 15 …concept, developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Edwards AFB, CA, is for the…
  • p. 16 …Air Force X-25LR Laser Lightcraft (courtesy of F. Mead, AFRL/PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA). In…
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associated with a particular nanosat. Constellations that fly in close formation can
benefit by the use of inter-nanosat communications to reduce ground station
contention. The data would flow from a single nanosat to the ground instead of coming
from every nanosat. Communications protocols for inter-nanosat communications must
be developed.
AUTONOMY
Support costs are high if single-satellite mission operations and data analysis practices
are scaled to a constellation mission. Autonomy onboard the spacecraft and on the
ground is therefore required to ensure that mission objectives are efficiently and
inexpensively met.
Nanosat autonomy will make use of on board and ground-based remote agents with the
overarching goal of maximizing the scientific or intelligence return from each nanosat
during the mission lifetime. The remote agents achieve this goal by monitoring and
appropriately controlling nanosat subsystems. Additionally, the onboard agent
monitors the full complement of spacecraft sensors and instruments to heuristically
separate scientific or intelligence events of interest from background events, thereby
intelligently fitting the science/intelligence data within allocated spacecraft storage
resources.
Nanosats with distant orbits are out of communications range of a ground station for
nearly a week. Nanosat subsystems could be compromised if faults occurring during
this blackout period were not readily addressed. An unacceptable loss of scientific or
intelligence data could also occur. Therefore, the onboard agent will incorporate the
capability to detect, diagnose, and recover from faults.
Certain failure scenarios may not be correctable by the onboard agent. These faults will
be deferred to the ground agent for handling. Each nanosat will include data in its
telemetry on the health and status of each subsystem and a history of commands
autonomously issued since the last ground contact. The ground system will then
attempt to diagnose problems based on this data. Additionally, collective knowledge of
actions taken by all nanosats in the constellation will reside within the ground system
by virtue of the data dumps made during each contact. From this data the agent can
detect trends and systematic conditions not otherwise observable onboard the nanosat.
These highly autonomous systems will present a unique set of challenges not only to
the system designers, but also to those involved in spacecraft testing. Careful
consideration must be given to the design of the test program to ensure that the state-
space of the remote agents is validated and verified. It is equally important to
implement this program in a cost-effective manner. However, we could likely justify
deploying considerable resources to address this issue since the methods developed to
solve these challenges can be applied to numerous missions.
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 77 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.