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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 2 March 2010 and produced by the Defense Intelligence Agency under its Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program, is a technical survey of invisibility. It covers camouflage, including stealth aircraft and optical camouflage, then transparency, cloaking by coordinate transformation, metamaterials and non-Euclidean broadband cloaking. It concludes that perfect cloaking is impossible but imperfect microwave cloaks are within reach of present technology. Whether cloaking will work at visible wavelengths remains unclear.
“The Advance”9 pages
UNCLASSIFIED/ ,'P81l 8PPll!l*L tl!II!! t!IHLY Summary A cloaking device is a passive device made of a transparent material that guides light around any object in its interior as if the light has passed through empty space. The cloaking device conceals the object and hides the act of hiding itself. Perfect cloaking devices are impossible because they require materials where the speed of light approaches infinity. Imperfect cloaking devices could be made. Such devices implement suitable curved-space geometries. For electromagnetic microwaves, cloaking devices are definitely within reach of the present technology. Whether invisibility in the visible range of the spectrum will become a reality is not entirely clear yet. Most probably, this will depend more on the new theoretical research than on advances in new materials, and on the application of mathematical intelligence, intuition, and imagination. 1 A. Alu and N. Engheta, Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings, Physical Review E 72, 016623 (2005). 2 G. W. Milton and N.-A. P. Nicorovici, On the cloaking effects associated with anomalous localized resonance, Proceedings of the Royal Society London A 462, 3027 (2006). 3 Y. Lai, H. Chen, Z-Q. Zhang, and C. T. Chan, Complementary Media Invisibility Cloak that Cloaks Objects at a Distance Outside the Cloaking Shell, Physical Review Letters 102, 093901 (2009). 1 U. Leonhardt, Optical Conformal Mapping, Science 312, 1777 (2006). 5 J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, and D.R. Smith, Controlling Electromagnetic Fields, Science 312, 1780 (2006). 6 J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, and D.R. Smith, Controlling Electromagnetic Fields, Science 312, 1780 (2006). 1 U. Leonhardt and T. G. Philbin, Transformation Optics and the Geometry of Light, preprint arXiv:0805.4778, to appear in Progress in Optics. 8 U. Leonhardt and T. G. Philbin, Transformation Optics and the Geometry of Light, preprint arXiv:0805.4778, to appear in Progress in Optics. 9 U. Leonhardt, Optical Conformal Mapping, Science 312, 1777 (2006). 10 J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, and D.R. Smith, Controlling Electromagnetic Fields, Science 312, 1780 (2006). 11 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 12 U. Leonhardt, Optical Conformal Mapping, Science 312, 1777 (2006). 13 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 14 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D.R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 15 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 16 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 17 F. E. Wagner, S. Haslbeck, L. Stievano, S. Calogero, Q. A. Pankhurst, and P. Martinek, Before striking gold in gold-ruby glass, Nature 407,691 (2000). 18 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D.R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 19 W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, Optical cloaking with metamaterials, Nature Photonics 1, 224 (2007). 20 W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, Optical cloaking with metamaterials, Nature Photonics 1, 224 (2007). 21 C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Costas M. Soukoulis, Stefan Linden, and Martin Wegener, Negative Refractive Index at Optical Wavelengths, Science 315, 47 (2007). n C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Costas M. Soukoulis, Stefan Linden, and Martin Wegener, Negative Refractive Index at Optical Wavelengths, Science 315, 47 (2007). 23 J. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Bartal, A. M. Stacy, and X. Zhang, Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires, Science 321,930 (2008). 74 J. Valentine, S. Zhang, T. Zentgraf, E. Ulin-Avila, D. A. Genov, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index, Nature 455, 376 (2008). 25 U. Leonhardt and T. G. Philbin, General relativity 1n electrical engineering, New Journal of Physics 8, 247 (2006). 26 [11] J. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Bartal, A. M. Stacy, and X. Zhang, Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires, Science 321,930 (2008). 23 UNCLASSIFIED/ ,sralil 8FFI@Itllt ~:!II! 8HLY
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 29 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.