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This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 7 January 2010 and prepared under the Acquisition Threat Support series, surveys biomaterials used in medicine. It covers biocompatibility, biosensor membranes, silicones, Teflon, biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, titanium, bioceramics, tissue constructs, cardiovascular stents, contact lenses, drug delivery and dialysis. It concludes that biomaterial performance underlies many medical devices, that the industry is slow to adopt new materials because of testing costs, and that innovation mainly involves new applications of established materials.
UNCLASSIFIED;f/P8R e,PIIIAL MOE 8Ht'f the most hostile location both for sensor performance and in terms of the potential for danger to the patient through the provocation of blood clotting. The most successful biomembrane materials have been porous forms of Teflon, polyurethanes, and cellulose-based materials such as cellulose acetate. As important as the material composition is for sensors, so are aspects of a membrane's structure and mechanical properties, such as its ability resist abrasion and adhere to sensor surfaces. Biomaterials for Biomedicine In this review, we look at representative biomaterials as well as representative applications. These biomaterials are among the most popular of those used in medicine today, and the applications in some cases represent multibillion-dollar-a-year markets. Some of the best known of the biomaterials are: • Silicone • Teflon • Biodegradable polymers • Hydrogels • Titanium alloys • Ceramics • Tissue constructs Some of the largest applications are: • Cardiovascular - stents, synthetic blood vessels, heart valves • Hip and knee joints • Contact lenses • Drug delivery devices • Kidney dialysis BIOMEDICAL SILICONES· POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANES Perhaps the most well known of all biomaterials are the silicones-soft, pliable, and semitransparent materials that are used in many different applications In modern society, ranging from water sealants to fibrous insulations. Silicone is often mistakenly called "silicon." Although silicones contain silicon atoms, they are an organic material of greater complexity and are not made up exclusively of silicon. Silicone is used in an exceptionally large number of biomedical applications. It is blood compatible, sterilizable, rugged, and strong but flexible. Its mechanical properties 2 UNCLASSIFIED/;f liOR OliliICit P 1166 PIP! Y
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 32 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.