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This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 7 January 2010 and prepared under the Acquisition Threat Support series, surveys biomaterials used in medicine. It covers biocompatibility, biosensor membranes, silicones, Teflon, biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, titanium, bioceramics, tissue constructs, cardiovascular stents, contact lenses, drug delivery and dialysis. It concludes that biomaterial performance underlies many medical devices, that the industry is slow to adopt new materials because of testing costs, and that innovation mainly involves new applications of established materials.
UNCLASSIFIED/;'F8A 8FFHillll! U8!! IIU!t Biomaterials Introduction Biomaterials are metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, carbons, and composite materials intended to interface with biological systems. They are often used to treat, augment, or replace bodily tissues, organs, or functions. Such materials are used in various forms, including molded or machined parts, coatings, fibers, films, foams, and fabrics. Biomaterials are usually nonliving, but recent definitions also include living skin and tissues produced in culture. A biocompatible m_aterial is different from a biological material produced by a blological system, such as bone. Artificial hips, vascular stents, artlflclal pacemakers, and catheters are all made of biocompatible materials that typically have a synthetic origin. An extraordinarily wide range of medical devices are made from biomaterials. Figure 1 shows some representative examples of medical devices that use biomaterials. Finger joint s,IK:one IUbDel Hip joint Breast implant Artificial heart polyurethane. metaJ -~' Heart valve Intraocular lens (IOL) Figure 1. Blomaterlal ~pplicatlons In Medical Devices Encompassing elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, and materials science, biomaterials science has experienced steady and strong growth over its ' approximately half-century history. Although blomaterials are used primarily for medical applications, they are also used to grow cells in culture, to assay for blood proteins in the clinical vi UNCLASSIFIED//FGIA GIFFIGlal.L Wl'li e,1.v
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 32 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.