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This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 7 January 2010 and prepared under the Acquisition Threat Support series, surveys biomaterials used in medicine. It covers biocompatibility, biosensor membranes, silicones, Teflon, biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, titanium, bioceramics, tissue constructs, cardiovascular stents, contact lenses, drug delivery and dialysis. It concludes that biomaterial performance underlies many medical devices, that the industry is slow to adopt new materials because of testing costs, and that innovation mainly involves new applications of established materials.
UNCLASSIFIED/71P91l OPPlellllL lt9E IJHL\I Another recent discovery is that treating the titanium surface with a silane compound will create a surface chemistry that attracts certain biomaterials known as proteoglycans. From this point, it is possible to lay down layers of collagen on the surface from which connective tissues will form. Titanium metal used for implants is usually a biomedical alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, since biomedical alloys provide good corrosion resistance and reasonable fatigue life and are much stiffer than cortical bone. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is more suitable than is the Co-Cr alloy for coating with HA because it has less potential proximal stress shielding and bone resorption. BIOMATERIALS IN DIALYSIS Medical therapeutic dialysis, often called hemodialysis, is a method of removing uric acid and other waste products from blood, a necessity when the kidneys fail. It is also useful in removing exogenous poisons llke ethanol, aspirin, barbiturates, and boric acid from the blood in cases of poisoning. Hemodialysis accesses the blood stream through the use of two large needles-'one in an artery and one in a vein-in order to flow a patient's blood through a series of hair- thin, hallow-membrane, tube-like fibers. A dialyzer is composed of thousands of tube-like hollow fiber strands encased in a clear plastic cylinder several inches in diameter. Blood flows on the inside of the membrane fiber, and a dialysate (extraction stream) flows across the outside. Low-molecular- weight waste products pass out through the membrane, while blood cells and other large molecules in the blood are retained. Figure 30 shows an illustration (left) and photograph (right) of dialyzers used to treat kidney failure. BO:lll outlC7 Figure 28. Illustration (Left) and Photograph (Right) of a Blood Dlalyzer .as Used in Medicine 24 UNCLASSIFIED}"&OA OFFl81sllla IUJI SHtY
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 32 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.