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This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 7 January 2010 and prepared under the Acquisition Threat Support series, surveys biomaterials used in medicine. It covers biocompatibility, biosensor membranes, silicones, Teflon, biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, titanium, bioceramics, tissue constructs, cardiovascular stents, contact lenses, drug delivery and dialysis. It concludes that biomaterial performance underlies many medical devices, that the industry is slow to adopt new materials because of testing costs, and that innovation mainly involves new applications of established materials.
UNCLASSIFIED//P91'l errieiiltt Y!!J! 8Hl::\f tissues. The barrier remains in place only for a week or so during the healing process before biodegrading so no foreign body is left inside of the body. POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL OR POLYETHYLENE OXIDE Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used material in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture. rts chemical compatibility, water solubility, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and multiple physical states allow it be used as coatings and in solid form to create surfaces that are very acceptable to biology. Figure 13 shows the marketing of PEG to broad markets that include biodegradable polymers. One of PEG's major applications 1s in the creation of "nonfouling" surfaces when exposed to blood or biological environments. The nanfouling, or cell- and protein-resistant, properties of surfaces containing PEG are due to the material's highly hydrated state. PEG is used in drug delivery systems L ' . .. - . ~ , ' • ' >' "), ~ • ' a I ,. ~* !-, Figure 13. Biodegradable Polymers Based on Copolymers of Polylactic Acid and Polyethylene Glycol to improve the solubility of drugs and to help stabilize immunogenic or unstable protein drugs. This can enhance the circulation times and stabilities of drugs in the body. HYDROGELS Hydrogels are liquid or semisolid materials that have a strong affinity for water. Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylic) acid, or poly(HEMA), is one of the most important hydrogels in the biomaterials world because it has many advantages over other hydrogels. These include a water content similar to living tissue, inertness to biological processes, resistance to degradation, permeability to metabolites, and resistance to absorption by the body. Poly(HEMA) can easily be manufactured into many shapes and forms and be easily sterilized. This is due to its structure, which is 10 , ... ~ .. 'tJ~ .·:. ~· ·-. ' . ~ 'l .... •.-_ ~···~" • .., . Figure 14, Dots of Hydrogel UNCLASSIFIED/ (FOR OFEIGic ■ 11Si Glib¥ ,
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 32 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.