Defense Intelligence Reference Document Antigravity For Aerospace Applications

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adiabatic changes in the boundary conditions of quantum fields, or as classical
parametric amplification with the zero-point energy of a vacuum field mode as
an input state. More recent developments include models for the super-radiant
amplification of photons with particular emphasis on its dynamics and the
optimization of the involved parameters. Experimental concepts being pursued
will try to reveal directly the presence of a non-empty vacuum by using a
specifically designed device to amplify the virtual vacuum photons and produce
real electromagnetic radiation via the parametric amplification of the vacuum
fluctuations in an electromagnetic cavity. The 'amplifier' is a boundary
undergoing an oscillation, and hence radiates energy due to the dissipative
action against the vacuum photons. This line of investigation could serve as a
very useful probe to explore the possibility of generating large fluxes of negative
energy. One expects that a laboratory demonstration of the dynamical Casimir
effect will occur before 2012.
- Dirac field states: As described in Section III-C-1, this involves either the
superposition of two single particle electron states or the superposition of two
multi-electron-positron states (Reference 41,42). This is still a nascent topic of
study in quantum field theory. However, already a great deal of technology is
dedicated to the manipulation and storage of electrons and positrons via solid
state/condensed matter devices and particle accelerators. This research topic
should be supported in order to establish how it could contribute to an
experimental antigravity program.
- Quantum coherence effects: Other types of quantum coherence effects not
already identified or invented should be theoretically developed and explored for
the possibility of finding new free-field or interacting field configurations that
produce a significant magnitude of negative energy which could be produced by
technological means. [Note that Reference 70 showed that static, radially-
dependent electric or magnetic fields and gravitationally squeezed vacuum
electromagnetic zero-point fluctuations (see items 1 and 3 in Section III-C-1 and
Appendix A) are not useful forms of negative energy.]
- Detecting Negative Energy in the Lab: Reference 70 identified proposals for
observing negative energy in outer space and in the laboratory, but further work
is needed to downscale astronomical techniques for use at the lab scale, and
there is need to firm up our understanding of how lab detectors will respond to
negative energy in situ if one is to exploit it for the production of antigravity
forces. A first step in the latter direction was recently proposed by Marecki
(Reference 76) who generalized the analysis of the output of balanced homodyne
detectors (BHDs). The most important feature of these devices is their ability to
quantify the quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electric field because the
output of BHDs provides information on the one- and two-point functions of
arbitrary states of quantum fields. Marecki computed the two-point function and
the associated spectral density for the ground state of the quantum electric field
in Casimir geometries, and predicts a position- and frequency-dependent pattern
of BHD responses if a device of this type is placed inside a Casimir cavity. The
proposed device allows for the direct detection of quantum vacuum fluctuations
and provides a spatial mapping of the negative energy contained inside the
cavity. This offers a potential new characterization of ground states in Casimir
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