Defense Intelligence Reference Document Antigravity For Aerospace Applications

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Further investigation into this technical issue showed that violations of the energy
conditions are widespread for all forms of both "reasonable" classical and quantum
matter (Reference 26-30). Furthermore, Visser (Reference 22) showed that all
(generic) spacetime geometries violate all the energy conditions. So the condition that
PE > p1 and/or PE ::c: O must be obeyed by all forms of matter in nature is spurious.
Violating the energy conditions commits no offense against nature. Negative energy has
been produced in the laboratory and this will be discussed in the following sections.
Examples of Exotic or "Negative" Energy Found in Nature
The exotic (energy condition-violating) fields that are known to occur in nature are:
• Static, radially-dependent electric or magnetic fields. These are borderline exotic, if
their tension were infinitesimally larger, for a given energy density (Reference
23,31).
• Squeezed quantum vacuum states: electromagnetic and other (non-Maxwellian)
quantum fields (Reference 21,32).
• Gravitationally squeezed vacuum electromagnetic (or other field) zero-point
fluctuations (Reference 33).
• Casimir effect; that is, the Casimir vacuum in flat, curved, and topological spaces
( Reference 34-40).
• Other quantum fields/states/effects. In general, the local energy density in quantum
field theory can be negative due to quantum coherence effects (Reference 24).
Other examples that have been studied are Dirac field states: the superposition of
two single particle electron states and the superposition of two multi-electron-
positron states (Reference 41,42). In the former (latter), the energy densities can
be negative when two single (multi-) particle states have the same number of
electrons (electrons and positrons) or when one state has one more electron
(electron-positron pair) than the other.
Cosmological inflation (Reference 22), cosmological particle production (Reference 22),
classical scalar fields (Reference 22), the conformal anomaly (Reference 22), and
gravitational vacuum polarization (Reference 26-29) are among many other examples
that also violate the energy conditions. Since the laws of quantum field theory place no
strong restrictions on negative energies and fluxes, then it might be possible to produce
exotic phenomena such as faster-than-light travel (Reference 43-45), traversable
wormholes (Reference 21,22,46), violations of the second law of thermodynamics
(Reference 47,48), and time machines (Reference 22,46,49). There are several other
exotic phenomena made possible by the effects of negative energy, but they lie outside
the scope of this report. See Appendix A for more technical details on items 1 through
4.
Toy Model Estimate for Negative Energy-Induced Antigravity
For the purpose of this report, the discussion will be confined to how negative energy
can be used to produce antigravity for the simplest case of counteracting the Earth's
gravitational field. To counteract or otherwise reduce gravity merely requires the
deployment of a thin spherical shell (bubble) of negative energy around an aerospace
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