Defense Intelligence Reference Document Advanced Space Propulsion Based On Vacuum Engineering

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with the metric tensor coefficients K modifying the Minkowski flat-spacetime intervals- ,llV
dt, dr, and so forth, accordingly.
As another example of spacetime alteration, in a spacetime altered by the presence of a
charged spherical mass distribution (Q,m)at the origin (Reissner-Nordstrom-type
solution), the above can be transformed into (Reference 11)
d , ll-Gm/rc' Q'G,14;re"c" j 'd, ll-Gm.•rc' Q'G!4;re"c" j_, I,s- = ·.. , + • , c- r - _ • , + • , l r-
1+ Gm/ rc- r2(l+Gm,...'rc2r l+Gm ... rc- r2(l+G,n..irc2r (SJ
-(l+Gm/rc2 )2 r 2 (d0 2 +sin 2 8d(p2)
with the metric tensor coefficients K again changed accordingly. Note that the effect- ,llV
on the metric due to charge Q differs in sign from that due to mass m, leading to what
in the literature has been referred to as electrogravitic repulsion (Reference 12).
Similar relatively simple solutions exist for a spinning mass (Kerr solution) and for a
spinning electrically charged mass (Kerr-Newman solution). In the general case,
appropriate solutions for the metric tensor can be generated for arbitrarily engineered
spacetimes, characterized by an appropriate set of spacetime variables dx·,, and metric
tensor coefficients g_,,v. Of significance now is to identify the associated physical effects
and to develop a table of such effects for quick reference.
We begin by simply cataloging metric effects-that is, physical effects associated with
alteration of spacetime variables-saving for Section IV the significance of such effects
within the context of advanced aerospace craft technologies.
II. Physical Effects as a Function of Metric Tensor
Coefficients
In undistorted spacetime, measurements with physical rods and clocks yield spatial
intervals dx 11 and time intervals dt, defined in a flat Minkowski spacetime, the spacetime
of common experience. In spacetime-altered regions, dr 1' and dt are still chosen as
natural coordinate intervals to represent a coordinate map, but now local
measurements with physical rods and clocks yield spatial intervals J-gm_dx'' and time
intervals &dr, so-called proper coordinate intervals. From these relationships a table
of associated physical effects to be expected in spacetime regions altered by either
natural or advanced technological means can be generated. Given that, as seen from
an unaltered region, alteration of spatial and temporal intervals in a spacetime-altered
region result in an altered velocity of light, from an engineering viewpoint such
alterations can in essence be understood in terms of a variable refractive index of the
vacuum (see Section III below) that affects all measurement.
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