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Condign volumes 1 to 3

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This is Volume 2 of the Ministry of Defence report 'Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region', Defence Intelligence Staff Scientific and Technical Memorandum 55/2/00, dated February 2000 and received 7 December 2000. It gathers 25 working papers on natural and man-made phenomena, meant as a reference for analysing UAP reports. The papers cover ball lightning, radar detection, balloons, satellites, mirages, plasma and similar subjects. One paper compares magnetic field experiments on human volunteers with close encounter reports. It concludes that effects from such fields are 'uncannily similar' to what witnesses describe.

  • p. 43 …A 'place name', 'near a place', 'between two places', 'out to sea off xxxx', 'on holiday…
  • p. 48 UNCLASSIFIED UK RESTRICTED Southend on Sea 153,700 Peterborough 148,800 Blackpool 144,500 Colchester 141…
  • p. 56 …by military or civil radars, either at sea, over land or by aircraft radars? 3. Possible…
  • p. 73 …open countryside, on a hill, or (without obscuration) viewing over the sea or, finally, in the…
  • p. 85 …An obvious exception is that of Search and Rescue operations and helicopter training over sea at…
  • p. 96 HELICOPTER MAIN ROUTES NORTHERN NORTH SEA EAST SHETLAND BASIN HFISA 61°N UNST SCATSA 61°N…
  • p. 121 …from an epicentre). (c) At land or sea (underwater faultlines, for example, Loch Ness, Loch Tay…
  • p. 123 …It is of interest, however, that a Ship's Captain (in the Baltic Sea) claimed (in…
  • p. 124 …A fire breathing dragon came out of the sea. In Japan a 'spinning ball of fire…
  • p. 179 …Water spouts occur similarly at sea. Tornadoes are predominantly cyclonic in rotation. All three phenomena move…
  • p. 227 …example, 50% relative humidity approximately doubles the sea-level dry air collision rate. 22. Plasma Lifetime…
  • p. 232 …combination of long path lengths and low grazing angles is more likely to occur at sea.
  • p. 246 …was first switched-on (in the Baltic Sea). It is assumed, since this occurred on a…
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UK RESTRICTED

11. Associated with the size is the electron line density (ELD). These are classed as either 'over' or 'under' dense: Under-dense ELD is $ 50^{\circ} $ Viewing conditions must also be correct to observe a satellite:

- It is unlikely in daylight.

- Its size must be large (small debris is not seen).

- The light falling on the satellite, which is then reflected must be adequate. Other data concerning the observation of satellites and hence the probability of being mis-reported as UAPs, is at Working Paper No.17.

## PLASMAS, CHARGED AEROSOLS AND SPRITES

17. It is evident that when plasmas, particularly sprites and any higher altitude phenomena, which depend on luminosity due to electrical charges, that sightline rates can be extremely high. These phenomena, often described as 'nocturnal lights' are described at Working Papers Nos. 2, 5, 19, 21, and 24. They frequently appear as having significant angular size and, because of their high speeds (despite being at altitudes from a few kilometres to tens of kilometres), are often

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