Condign volumes 1 to 3

Read from the scan by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word.

- Attachment to power lines/electrical wires/pylons (but no effect on the system reported)

- Entry of 'balls' of various diameters into aircraft cabins

- Stopped (Russian) aircraft engine (1956)

- Military fighter destroyed (1948)

- Moved ahead of aircraft (Russian 1956)

- Russia (1959) caused $ 1 0 0^{\circ} $ compass error.

The aircraft incidents above were at altitudes from 2500m to 3400m. Some general EM effects on equipment (not necessarily ball lightning) are also discussed at Working Paper No.1 Annex D.

## SUPPORTING THEORIES

23. No single theory seems to support all the criteria. The phenomena appears to be sighted only when one or more of the following are present:

- Charged particles or droplets

- High electrical charges in the atmosphere (not necessarily caused by lightning)

- When dust particles are generated (e.g. during volcanic activity)

- When high concentrations of nitrogen and ozone are created

- When marsh gas (methane) is given off

- Vortices (incandescent gas vortices).

24. Luminosity is observed from water droplets of opposite charges. The plasma (plasmoid) appears to be a mass of charged luminous material with sizes, structures and shapes as described, (at para. 27-30 below).

25. It is known that ball lightning is a natural electromagnetic radiation formation. However, it has been impossible to produce in the laboratory, unless the object has some sort of containment and, once formed, does not rely on external field(s) to maintain equilibrium.

26. There are several unusual features and questions:

- If the body is hot, why does it not rise?

- What constraints could be keeping it at level altitude (floating type)

- Is the plasma rotating? If so is this the means of storing it's energy?

- Is the spiral action (seen in vortices) due to the Earth's E and H fields.

27. The energy stored (E) must be proportional to volume, and E must be proportional to the cube of the cloud dimension. Similarly the light emitted is proportional to the surface area. Hence, the light is proportional to the square of a dimension. Plasma theory shows that a 10cm diameter ball could glow for 0.01 sec. The maximum energy which, in theory, could be stored in a ball appears to be less than could sustain it. In theory if the ball is lighter or heavier than air, then it should, respectively rise or fall. For equilibrium (hover or 'float') the ball density must be $ 1.29 \times10^{-3} \mathrm{g m}. \mathrm{c m}^{-3}. $

28 To achieve colours, one associates this with temperatures:

$$
\mathrm {Y e l l o w} \quad \lambda = 5 8 0 0 \mathrm {A} = 5 0 0 0 ^ {\circ} \mathrm {K}
$$

$$
\mathrm {R e d} \quad \lambda = 6 3 0 0 \mathrm {A} = 4 6 0 0 ^ {\circ} \mathrm {K}
$$

$$
\begin{array}{l l l} \mathrm {B l u e} & \lambda = 4 7 0 0 \mathrm {A} = & 6 2 0 0 ^ {\circ} \mathrm {K} \\ \mathrm {W i t h e} & - & 1 0, 0 0 0 ^ {\circ} \mathrm {K} \mathrm {t o} \\ & & 1 4 0 0 0 ^ {\circ} \mathrm {K} \end{array}
$$

This, of course, does not accord with the perception of colours reported when no heat is reported. It may be, of course, that, although present, no heat was felt/sensed for various reasons (e.g. long range, cooling wind, etc.)

29. The logic is that to glow for longer than the 0.01sec (at para. 27 above) energy must be received from somewhere.

30. The diameter of a spherical ionic plasma is determined by the resonance of the ball with the EM oscillations of the external wave at which energy absorption is most efficient. Resonance occurs when (for a sphere), the $ \lambda $ of the external radiation is 3.65 times the sphere diameter. To get typical ball