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CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90

CIA (Gerald Haines) · 1997 · 18 pages · text from the file's own layer

This 1997 study by Gerald K. Haines, National Reconnaissance Office historian, traces CIA interest in UFOs from the late 1940s to 1990 using Agency records compiled after DCI R. James Woolsey ordered a 1993 file review. It covers Air Force projects SIGN, GRUDGE and BLUE BOOK, the 1953 Robertson panel, U-2 and OXCART flights mistaken for UFOs, and disputes with Keyhoe and Davidson. It concludes that Agency concern was substantial until the early 1950s and limited and peripheral since.

UFOs
Because ofthetenseCold
Warsituation and
accounted for. The other 10percent
werecharacterized as anumber of
incrediblereports fromcredible
observers. The AirForcerejected
thetheories that thesightings
involved US orSovietsecretweapons
development or that theyinvolved
men fromMars ; there was no evi
dence tosupport theseconcepts.
The AirForcebrieferssought to
explain these UFOreports as the mis
interpretation ofknownobjects or
littleunderstoodnatural
phenomena. 9 AirForce and CIA
officialsagreed thatoutsideknowl
edge ofAgencyinterest inUFOs
wouldmake theproblem more
serious. 20 Thisconcealment ofCIA
interestcontributedgreatly to later
charges of a CIAconspiracy and
coverup.
The CIAStudyGroup alsosearched
theSoviet press forUFOreports, but
foundnone,causing thegroup to
conclude that theabsence ofreports
had to have been theresult ofdeliber
ateSovietGovernmentpolicy. The
group alsoenvisioned theUSSR s
possible use ofUFOs as apsychologi
calwarfare tool. Inaddition, they
worried that, if the US airwarning
systemshould bedeliberatelyover
loaded byUFOsightings, theSoviets
might gain asurpriseadvantage in
anynuclearattack. 21
Because of the tenseColdWarsitua
tion andincreasedSoviet
capabilities, the CIAStudyGroup
sawseriousnationalsecurity con
cerns in theflyingsaucersituation.
Thegroupbelieved that theSoviets
could use UFOreports totouch off
masshysteria andpanic in the
UnitedStates. Thegroup also
believed that theSovietsmight use
UFOsightings tooverload the US
airwarningsystem so that itcould
notdistinguish realtargets from
increasedSoviet
capabilities, theCIAStudy
Group sawseriousnational
securityconcerns in the
flyingsaucersituation.
9,
phantomUFOs. H.MarshallChad-
well,AssistantDirector ofOSI,
added that heconsidered theprob
lem ofsuchimportance that it
should bebrought to theattention of
theNationalSecurityCouncil, in
order that acommunitywidecoordi
natedefforttowards itsolution may
beinitiated. 22
Chadwellbriefed DCISmith on the
subject ofUFOs inDecember 1952.
Heurgedactionbecause he was con
vinced that something wasgoing on
that must haveimmediateattention
and that sightings ofunexplained
objects at greataltitudes andtravel
ing at highspeeds in thevicinity of
major USdefenseinstallations are of
suchnature that they are notattribut
able tonaturalphenomena orknown
types ofaerialvehicles. Hedrafted
amemorandum from the DCI to the
NationalSecurityCouncil(NSC)
and aproposed NSCDirectiveestab
lishing theinvestigation ofUFOs as
apriorityprojectthroughout the
intelligence and thedefenseresearch
anddevelopmentcommunity. 23
Chadwell alsourgedSmith toestab
lish anexternalresearchproject of
top-levelscientists tostudy theprob
lem ofUFOs.24 After thisbriefing,
Smithdirected DDIAmory to pre
pare aNSCIntelligenceDirective
(NSCID) forsubmission to theNSC
on the need tocontinue theinvestiga
tion ofUFOs and tocoordinate such
investigations with the AirForce. 25
TheRobertsonPanel,1952-53
On 4December 1952, theIntelli
genceAdvisoryCommittee (IAC)
took up the issue ofUFOs.26Amory,
asactingchairman,presented DCI
Smith srequest to thecommittee
that itinformallydiscuss thesubject
ofUFOs. Chadwell thenbriefly
reviewed thesituation and theactive
program of theATICrelating to
UFOs. Thecommitteeagreed that
the DCIshould enlist theservices
ofselectedscientists toreview and
appraise theavailableevidence in the
light ofpertinentscientifictheories
and draft anNSCID on the
subject. 27 Maj. Gen. John A. Sam-
ford,Director ofAirForce
Intelligence,offered full
cooperation. 28
At the same time,Chadwelllooked
intoBritishefforts in this area. He
learned theBritish alsowereactive in
studying theUFOphenomena. An
eminentBritishscientist, R. V.Jones,
headed astandingcommitteecreated
inJune 1951 onflyingsaucers.
Jones and hiscommittee sconclu
sions onUFOsweresimilar to those
ofAgencyofficials: thesightings
were notenemyaircraft butmisrepre
sentations ofnaturalphenomena.
TheBritishnoted,however, that dur
ing arecent airshow RAF pilots and
seniormilitaryofficials hadobserved
a perfectflyingsaucer. Given the
pressresponse,according to the
officer,Jones washaving a mostdiffi
cult timetrying tocorrectpublic
opinionregardingUFOs. Thepublic
wasconvinced theywerereal.29
InJanuary 1953,Chadwell and H. P.
Robertson, anotedphysicistfrom the
CaliforniaInstitute ofTechnology,
puttogether adistinguishedpanel of
nonmilitaryscientists tostudy the
UFO issue. ItincludedRobertson as
71

Cases discussed

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Document, cited by the archive. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 18 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.