Documents / FOIA release

1995-10-01a- CIA Conference Report: THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNIC CONFLICT TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORDER IN THE 1990S GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES 01-Oct-95

Central Intelligence Agency · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, dated October 1995, contains the proceedings of a conference on ethnic conflict held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored it. Academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials presented papers on ethnic and territorial conflict in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. They also discussed what these conflicts mean for US policy. The document contains no UFO material.

  • p. 50 …Muslim Serbs and Muslim Croats never defined them- selves as a people. They never said that…
  • p. 51 …If the standing why the Albanians never claimed Kosovo. Serbs really attempt to annihilate the Kosovar…
  • p. 62 …be taught as a second foreign language, never of relative insulation from other countries' problems as…
  • p. 78 …It never majority? Should the leftover colonials learn the was. It might be useful, instead, to…
  • p. 91 …As such, the ability of states to get from their people what they want has never…
  • p. 92 …much as they fight with other groups, and the same The peoples of Africa never chose…
  • p. 93 …I never would have sent them in the about election monitors. Is that sufficient to tide…
  • p. 109 …the provisions of this agreement were never imple- mented, and Kurdish autonomy became a dead issue…
  • p. 110 …only by those remaining in Lebanon, that prospect was never accepted by Muslims. The absence of…
  • p. 112 …field, several cities, and a population of never known democracy. Other hopes can be enter- 15…
  • p. 114 …But in this region we can never say never, as evi- Discussant: Mildred Berman denced by…
  • p. 116 …Although Sovietologists could never have predicted Introduction: The Disuniting of China the rapid events that dismantled…
  • p. 119 …The Chinese, in my opinion, never take China for granted, culturally, politically, or otherwise. This is…
  • p. 120 …Few have questioned how the Han became the 94-percent National identities, although imagined, are never…
  • p. 121 …be one reason why these categories have never been China is made crystal clear from his…
  • p. 123 …The Uighur will known as a "Ku Cong" nationalist, seeking recogni- never become independent as long…
  • p. 133 …such actions are sometimes trag- conflict should never be justified. Intervention, as we edies writ in…
  • p. 141 …guarantee Sociocultural identities in South Asia have never been some semblance of fair representation in the…
  • p. 147 …Although never posing a tional sentiment in regard to the controversial destruc- serious challenge to Congress…
  • p. 157 …The people in Kashmir are never represented the Sikh rank and file. alienated to a degree…
  • p. 166 …These are the people who have never had any form of internationally recognized status and who…
  • p. 169 …as we should not underestimate the state boundaries in illegal immigrants and never get counted. 159
  • p. 177 …The French nation never managed to incorpo- not co-opt civilians speaking German, Italian, and rate…
  • p. 186 …still hate Turks is that there has never been context is a complicated array of things…
  • p. 204 …In alluding to the statement by You are never going to have total agreement on mov…
C00123268
References
Agnew, John A. Placeand Politics: The Geographi- the links between ethnicity and political geography in
cal Mediation of State and Society. Boston: Allen & a variety of contexts. The essays provide a good sense
Unwin, 1987. An excellent overview of the impor- of the range of issues that geographers consider when
tance of location, local context, and sense of place in studying ethnic conflict.
political and social processes. Includes an extended
discussion of the ways in which place affects ethnic Jordan, Peter. "The Problems of Creating a Stable
identity with examples from the Scottish and Ameri- Political-Territorial Structure in Hitherto Yugoslavia."
can contexts. In Croatia:An New EuropeanState. Edited by 1.
Crkvenci, M. Klemencic, and D. Feletar. Zagreb: Ure-
Chisholm, Michael and Smith, David M., eds. Shared dnici, 1993; pp. 133-142. A useful assessment of the
Space: Divided Space. Essays on Conflict and Territo- difficulties of creating mono-ethnic territories in Bos-
rial Organization.London: Unwin Hyman, 1990. A nia. The study also highlights the disjunction between
good collection of essays showing how territorial proposed territorial partitions for Bosnia and preexist-
issues come into play in many ethnic conflicts. The ing functional regions.
essays include case studies in Western Europe, the
Middle East, the former Soviet Union, South Asia, Knight, David B. "Identity and Territory: Geographi-
South Africa, Australia, and North America. cal Perspectives on Nationalism and Regionalism."
Annals of the Association ofAmerican Geographers,
Clarke, Colin; Ley, David; and Peach, Ceri., eds. 72 (4), 1982; pp. 514-531. An important statement on
Geography and Ethnic Pluralism.London: Allen & the nature and meaning of territory for ethnonational-
Unwin, 1984. The essays in this book employ geo- ist groups. The study demonstrates the significance of
graphical concepts to analyze ethnic and racial ten- the emotional bonds that people develop to territory.
sions in Third World and metropolitan contexts.
Several of the case studies highlight the importance of and Davies, Maureen. Self-Determination: An
distributional issues for ethnic relations. InterdisciplinaryAnnotated Bibliography.New York:
Garland, 1987. A useful bibliography of works on eth-
Cohen, Shaul E. The Politicsof Planting: Israeli-Pal- nicity and nationalism, including many written by
estinian Competitionfor Control of Land in the Jerus- geographers.
alem Periphery.Geography Research Paper No. 236.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. A fasci- Mikesell, Marvin W. "The Myth of the Nation State."
nating case study of the use of planting as a means of Journal of Geography, 82 (6), 1983; pp. 257-260. A
asserting control over land. The study demonstrates highly accessible overview of the disjunction between
the importance of the environment in ethnic relations. political and ethnic patterns in the modern world and
the significance of that disjunction for political stabil-
Gottmann, Jean. The Significance of Territory.Char- ity.
lottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1973. A semi-
nal study of the ways in which territory reflects and and Murphy, Alexander B. "A Framework for
shapes our ideas about politics and society. The study Comparative Study of Minority Group Aspirations."
adopts a historical approach to show how the nature Annals of the Association ofAmerican Geographers,
and meaning of territory has changed over time. 81 (4), 1991; pp. 581-604. A study of ethnic group
relations in comparative prespective, including a pro-
Johnston, R. J.; Knight, David B.; and Kofman, Ele- posed framework for understanding the relationship
onore., eds. Nationalism,Self-Determination and
Political Geography.London: Croom Helm, 1988. A
collection of essays by geographers that focuses on
13

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.