Documents / FOIA release

1995-10-01a- CIA Conference Report: THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNIC CONFLICT TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORDER IN THE 1990S GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES 01-Oct-95

Central Intelligence Agency · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, dated October 1995, contains the proceedings of a conference on ethnic conflict held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored it. Academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials presented papers on ethnic and territorial conflict in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. They also discussed what these conflicts mean for US policy. The document contains no UFO material.

  • p. 50 …Muslim Serbs and Muslim Croats never defined them- selves as a people. They never said that…
  • p. 51 …If the standing why the Albanians never claimed Kosovo. Serbs really attempt to annihilate the Kosovar…
  • p. 62 …be taught as a second foreign language, never of relative insulation from other countries' problems as…
  • p. 78 …It never majority? Should the leftover colonials learn the was. It might be useful, instead, to…
  • p. 91 …As such, the ability of states to get from their people what they want has never…
  • p. 92 …much as they fight with other groups, and the same The peoples of Africa never chose…
  • p. 93 …I never would have sent them in the about election monitors. Is that sufficient to tide…
  • p. 109 …the provisions of this agreement were never imple- mented, and Kurdish autonomy became a dead issue…
  • p. 110 …only by those remaining in Lebanon, that prospect was never accepted by Muslims. The absence of…
  • p. 112 …field, several cities, and a population of never known democracy. Other hopes can be enter- 15…
  • p. 114 …But in this region we can never say never, as evi- Discussant: Mildred Berman denced by…
  • p. 116 …Although Sovietologists could never have predicted Introduction: The Disuniting of China the rapid events that dismantled…
  • p. 119 …The Chinese, in my opinion, never take China for granted, culturally, politically, or otherwise. This is…
  • p. 120 …Few have questioned how the Han became the 94-percent National identities, although imagined, are never…
  • p. 121 …be one reason why these categories have never been China is made crystal clear from his…
  • p. 123 …The Uighur will known as a "Ku Cong" nationalist, seeking recogni- never become independent as long…
  • p. 133 …such actions are sometimes trag- conflict should never be justified. Intervention, as we edies writ in…
  • p. 141 …guarantee Sociocultural identities in South Asia have never been some semblance of fair representation in the…
  • p. 147 …Although never posing a tional sentiment in regard to the controversial destruc- serious challenge to Congress…
  • p. 157 …The people in Kashmir are never represented the Sikh rank and file. alienated to a degree…
  • p. 166 …These are the people who have never had any form of internationally recognized status and who…
  • p. 169 …as we should not underestimate the state boundaries in illegal immigrants and never get counted. 159
  • p. 177 …The French nation never managed to incorpo- not co-opt civilians speaking German, Italian, and rate…
  • p. 186 …still hate Turks is that there has never been context is a complicated array of things…
  • p. 204 …In alluding to the statement by You are never going to have total agreement on mov…
C00123268
DR. SCHWARTZBERG: The Indian Government has under control. However, the raid on the Golden Tem-
been willing to pull back. This has not happened yet in ple will not soon be forgotten, nor the many other
Kashmir and Punjab, however human rights abuses that the Indian Government has
committed in the name of quelling that insurrection. I
QUESTION: Would you comment on the Kashmir sit- believe, however, that the prospects for reconciliation
uation? exist, and many people who know Punjab better than I
do say that, even at the worst of times, the majority of
DR. SCHWARTZBERG: I plan to work on Kashmir Sikhs were always moderate and that the extremists
during the coming year. The people in Kashmir are never represented the Sikh rank and file.
alienated to a degree that will preclude their reconcili-
ation with India. I cannot predict exactly the shape of One fundamental difference between Kashmir and the
the future of Kashmir, but I will predict that there will Punjab is that the dissociation of Punjab from India
be a significant change in the situation there. would probably let loose an unstoppable Balkaniza-
tion of India, while dissociation of Kashmir would not
I am more optimistic in the case of Punjab, a richer necessarily result in such an outcome.
area and strategically much more important. There
seem to be signs that India has the Punjab situation
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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.