Documents / FOIA release

Warsaw Pact Air Forces: Support of Strategic Operations in Central Europe, CIA/DI/SOVA Intelligence Assessment, January 1985.

Central Intelligence Agency · 95 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence assessment, dated January 1985, examines how Warsaw Pact air forces would support large strategic operations in Central Europe. It concludes that the Soviets see NATO air power as the greatest threat to a Pact ground offensive. They revised their air supremacy plans in 1980 and 1981 to use sector-concentrated raids and a defensive air operation. The assessment also finds that heavy aircraft losses and limited deep attack capability would remain serious problems. The document has no UFO content.

  • p. 4 …This perceived shift in the air balance-probably caused by a combination of closer French cooperation…
  • p. 35 …an increasingly difficult a large number of cooperating headquarters. It would problem for the Pact air…
  • p. 46 …through NATO's forward air defenses in cooperation of the first two echelons at the con…
  • p. 90 …key role in the usually with the cooperation of other forces. An air front airspace management…
onnccret
under the TMO high commands or as part of the communications-intercept aircraft of the Main Intelli-
Soviet national strategic reserve. The Soviets actually gence Directorate of the General Staff.
call the two light bombcr-equipped air armies oppositc
NATO operational air armies-presumably because Strategic Reserves. Forces and materiel retained tn-
of the relatively limited rangc'of their Fencer aircraft. der the control of national or theater commanders for
use as supplementary resources, rather than being
attached to the first-echelon Warsaw Pact fronts or
Strategic Aviation. The branch of the Soviet Air NATO army groups
Forces that equips cand trains the predominately
bomber-type units of the independent strategic air Strategic Zone. A geographic, political, and economic
armies-which constitute the main forces for con- subdivision of a TMO. The Soviets use this term in
ducting offensive air operations in the Soviet armed strategic planning to define areas of sufficient impor-
forces tance that conquering one of them could constitute a
strategic goal of the war in the theater. For the
Strategic Depth. A Soviet targeting term used to purposes of operational-level planning, strategic zones
describe the area occupied by NATO's forces located are subdivided into operational axes, which are as-
behind its first-echelon army groups. The Soviets signed as sectors of res onsibility for fronts and
expect that the first-cchelon NATO army groups armies,
would typically extend about 200 to 400 kilometers
behind the FEBA. They describe NATO's overall Supreme High Command. The Soviet wartime au-
force disposition in the Western TMO as having a thority that would provide strategic leadership for all
depth of 1,200 to 1,800 kilometers. Soviet and non-Soviet Warsaw Pact armed forces on
behalf of the Soviet national command authorities
Strategic Grouping. The forces that would be used to (the Politburo and the Defense Council). We believe
conduct a strategic operation in a TMO to accomplish that the Supreme High Command would include the
a strategic goal of the war. A strategic grouping could General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party
include several fronts, one or more fleets, strategic air (acting as the Supreme Commander in Chico, the
armies, national air defense formations, allocations Minister of Defense, the Chief of the General Staff,
from strategic missile forces, and various other inde- the Commander in Chief (CinC) of the Combined
pendent reserve formations. Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact, the Chief of the
Main Political Administration, the First Deputy Min-
Strategic Operation, A large-scale operation planned ister of Defense for General Affairs, and the CinCs of
and directed by the Soviet General StaTff or by the the five services of the Soviet armed forces.
high command in a TMO to achieve strategic goals. A
strategic operation would be conducted according to a
unified plan that incorporated the combat operations Tactical. The lowest of the three levels of military
of all of the forces in the TMO (the so-called strategic theory, command, and planning in the Soviet hierar-
grouping). chy of military concepts. The term applies to the
forces and combat activities of division-size com-
Strategic Reconnaissance. Intelligence colletion con- mands and their component elements. Tactical forces
ducted for the General Staff and the TMO high have headquarters staffs of limited size; their combat
commands to support the planning and execution of engagements are too small and brief to be classified as
strategic operations. Strategic reconnaissance would operations by the Soviets. Tactical-level objectives are
be conducted against rear-area targets of strategic most commonly expressed in the form of the task of
interest to the full depth of the theater (for example, the day. The term "tactical" is also used to describe
to a depth of 1,200 to 1,800 kilometers in the Western pieces of equipment used by tactical forces and
TMO). Strategic air reconnaissance would be per- weapons inte ded for striking targets only in the
formed primarily by strategic aviation reconnaissance tactical depth
aircraft (mostly medium and heavy bombers) and by
Topse;t 84

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 95 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.