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Warsaw Pact Air Forces: Support of Strategic Operations in Central Europe, CIA/DI/SOVA Intelligence Assessment, January 1985.

Central Intelligence Agency · 95 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence assessment, dated January 1985, examines how Warsaw Pact air forces would support large strategic operations in Central Europe. It concludes that the Soviets see NATO air power as the greatest threat to a Pact ground offensive. They revised their air supremacy plans in 1980 and 1981 to use sector-concentrated raids and a defensive air operation. The assessment also finds that heavy aircraft losses and limited deep attack capability would remain serious problems. The document has no UFO content.

  • p. 4 …This perceived shift in the air balance-probably caused by a combination of closer French cooperation…
  • p. 35 …an increasingly difficult a large number of cooperating headquarters. It would problem for the Pact air…
  • p. 46 …through NATO's forward air defenses in cooperation of the first two echelons at the con…
  • p. 90 …key role in the usually with the cooperation of other forces. An air front airspace management…
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Appendix D
Glossary of Terms
This glossary contains brief explanations of Soviet the initiative and the capability to impose their will-
and hence Warsaw Pact military terms as well as over the enemy air forces. With air supremacy, the
some terms that we have created to describe Soviet ground forces, navy, and air forces would have the
military concepts discussed in this paper. These expla- opportunity to perform their assigned tasks without
nations are based on Pact military writings significant opposition from enemy air and air defense
forces. In a conventional war, achieving air suprema-
cy vould be the chief task of the Pact air and air
Air Defense Operation. Actions conducted throughout defense forces. The Soviets classify air supremacy as
a theater of military operations (TMO) by air, air strategic, operational, or tactical. Strategic air su-
defense, and other forces under a unified plan to premacy is the control of the air over an entire TMO
counter a large enemy offensive air campaign and to for the period of a strategic operation; operational air
create favorable conditions for launching an offensive supremacy is control over an individual operational
air operation to establish strategic air supremacy. The axis or a front sector for a more limited time (typically
high commands in the main TMOs would plan and for a few days): tactical air supremacy is temporary
manage air defense operations, which would include control only over a particular tactical engagement.
offensive as well as defensive measures to blunt the
enemy air campaign. This term also is used occasion-
ally to refer to the routine air defense activities of Army Aviation. The branch of the Soviet Air Forces
operational-level forces. that equips and trains the helicopter and drone units
subordinate to front, army, and division commanders.
Airfield Blockade. Soviet tactic of using fighters to Thesi army aviation forces arc intended to provide
prevent enemy aircraft flights into or out of airfields most of the direct air support to ground forces
in the area of a military objective by performing divisions during front and army operations.
combat air patrols over those airfields. The Pact
would use blockades to trap NATO aircraft on their
airfields immediately before the airfield attacks in an Army Aviation Force. Our term for tactical-size army
air operation or as part of the fighter protection for aviation formations and army aviation headquarters
airborne and amphibious operations and for strike elements that are fully integrated into the front air
aircraft conducting the initial massed nuclear strike. force, ground army, and ground division commands.
The predominantly helicopter-equipped army aviation
forces differ in size and function at each of the three
Air Operation. A major offensive air campaign con- levels of command. The army- and division-subordi-
ducted by one or more strategic aviation formations, nate army aviation forces also play a key role in the
usually with the cooperation of other forces. An air front airspace management system.
operation normally would consist of multiple massed
air raids to achieve a strategic objective in a TMO, Army Operation. Employment of forces as planned
Air operations typically would be planned and direct- and directed by the headquarters of a combined-arms
ed by the high commands in the main TMOs and by or tank army. An army operation typically would
the Soviet Air Forces Main Staff for the secondary pursue what the Soviets call an operational objective
TMOs. at the behest of the Soviet Supreme High on a single operational axis within a front. It would be
Command. conducted according to a unified plan that incorporat-
ed the combat activities of all of the forces in the
Air Supremacy. Soviet term for the situation in which army's sector of operations.l
the air forces have decisive superiority-possession of
81 ThirSerc-

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 95 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.