“Sea”60+ pages
- p. 8 …I1-41
Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO's Sea Lines of
Communication 11-41…
- p. 9 …IV-25
Initial Naval Operations in the Black Sea IV-27
Initial Air and Naval Operations…
- p. 16 …European NATO and the Warsaw Pact Figure 1
,'-
-
"''i 'Fr,~'""' NNA TO countries Benes Sea
Warsaw…
- p. 20 …An area in the
Norwegian Sea north of the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom
10
- p. 21 …The forces of the Baltic and Black
Sea Combined Fleets initially would be under the control…
- p. 22 …To assist in the achievement of air and sea superiority and to protect the
amphibious force…
- p. 23 …The Soviets would
attempt to neutralize Western SSBNs near their bases and in the
Norwegian Sea…
- p. 28 …Extent, Emphasis, and Timing of the Soviet Interdiction
Campaign Against NATO Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC…
- p. 30 …Likely Effectiveness of Pact Operations To Achieve Air
Superiority and Sea Control in the Baltic Sea…
- p. 31 …Likelihood of Soviet Use of Nuclear Weapons at Sea Before
Their Use on Land. Navy judges…
- p. 42 …At sea the establishment and maintenance of
36. The Soviets recognize the formidable strength Soviet naval…
- p. 50 …not include airborne divisions or the Polish Sea Landing
division-level air defense weapons. The SA…
- p. 54 …7
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP
NorweqianA'Motr iisio rifle
Norwegian divisionCategory I
Sea Category II
Category…
- p. 60 Peacetime Location of Warsaw Pact Air Forces Opposite NATO Figure 1-8
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP…
- p. 71 …For operations in the Mediterranean Sea,
January 1979 the Black Sea Fleet furnishes most of the…
- p. 72 …PO A
; re
-t {
- Black Sea Fleet
ROMANI A
-UGM (Dsevastopo -
BUGRAFleet Caspian
headquarters Black Sea…
- p. 73 …If the Soviets were not concerned with covert
deployment of their ships to sea, they could…
- p. 74 …number of ships able to put to sea on short have some 30 principal surface combatants…
- p. 75 …The wartime missions of the Warsaw Pact's
general purpose naval forces are to exercise sea…
- p. 77 lop et
Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21a
Maximum system
Payload (kg) Speed…
- p. 78 Nominal Flight Profiles of Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21b
Altitude (m)
18…
- p. 79 …but can into the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet air forces to date
remain submerged for…
- p. 80 …In the antiship role, wartime operational con- against ships at sea. The Fitters, however, all of…
- p. 83 …Pact fleets in the Baltic and Black Seas.
IL-38 May TU-142 Bear F
bottom…
- p. 84 …Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO Sea
Lines of Communication
142. In wartime, the Soviets…
- p. 85 …of a conflict when NATO
Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and much of the Norwegian would…
- p. 86 Table II-9 Northern Fleet submarine bases and the North
Atlantic sea lanes. They point out…
- p. 87 …In the Black Sea area, the combined Nuclear weapons allocations that we have noted
strength of…
- p. 95 …with either land- or sea-based missile forces. The LRA
H-II SSBN . 4/12 intermediate…
- p. 96 …This latest Soviet bomber has a combat particularly naval task forces at sea During exercises,
radius…
- p. 100 …Sea-Level Thrust-kN (lb r) 120 (27,000) 105 (23,500)
Installed Maximum Afterburner Sea…
- p. 102 …bulk-fill artillery and mor-
ships at sea, points of embarkation, forward storage tar shells; multiple…
- p. 112 …A shortage of technicians would oilers from their home fleets could operate at sea for
probably…
- p. 113 …The Soviets
to sustain operations at sea. rarely have been observed practicing this, however,
and instead…
- p. 114 …For naval and civilian, probably would seek to minimize
example, emergency action drills at sea are…
- p. 115 …developed to permit the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets to
foreseeable future, of marginal value be…
- p. 118 …Pact operations in the western
and sea areas, including islands (archipelagos), Baltic Sea also would be…
- p. 121 …Barents Sea
Maritime /
T VD 49 shr rri s /
Norwegian
ICELAND '1 I '
Sea T''f…
- p. 122 …The Combined Black Sea Fleet would
be formed from the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the…
- p. 127 …t ,,D ES MA ! R K y 7
~ ~ §.~.Baltic 50ea
North Sea -?
- ASNDT1 4... .
NETHERLANDS
1…
- p. 131 …units and with additional naval units at sea-would
choose to attack with the two-front…
- p. 139 …4 NATO airbases Balte sea-
HAWK missile belt -
Penetration corridor - -
North Sea
i/
POLAND
- West Berlin…
- p. 144 …This
buffer for Pact territory, and defend Pact sea lines of would require effective coordination of…
- p. 145 …b The soviet Baltic Sea Fleet. Not included are minor surface combatants or 10 reserve ships…
- p. 146 …The Pact clearly is aware that the success of its
infantry regiment, the Polish sea landing…
- p. 147 …Pact planners also of ships assigned to protect Baltic sea lines would be
recognize that the…
- p. 148 …these air naval forces from the Black Sea. It also would
operations, and the speed with…
- p. 149 …southwestern
Brigrades .........-- 9e - - littoral of the Black Sea. Soviet surface naval forces
Soviet divisions in Hungary…
- p. 150 …and secure the and to advance to the Aegean Sea and from there into
IV-26
- p. 151 …Pact air and sea superiority in the Black Sea
would be particularly critical to the Pact…
- p. 152 …the initialattacks by Soviet ships and submarines of
bThe Black Sea Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron…
- p. 153 …The Soviets no doubt realize, however, that the Sea Fleet, although reinforcement from the Northern
advantages…
- p. 154 …be reinforced cally available in the Black Sea Fleet, seven to
before the outbreak of hostilities…
- p. 155 -T _P.3_re4'
few, if any, large combatants from the Black Sea the Straits as…
- p. 156 …See paragraphs 102 and forces in the Norwegian Sea. Initially, we could expect
103 and table…
- p. 157 …Sealifted ground forces could gian Sea. If the Soviets chose to avoid Norwegian-
reinforce airborne and…
- p. 158 …The Soviets have about 130 operational cruise
Barents Seas and their approaches apparently consist missile and…
- p. 159 …submarines normally deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. 169. Another view "1holds that, in a typical initial…
- p. 160 …1 Sea control
N eMurmansk
_ G+UK "r'
Gap ''-1
(5Sea denial, ?"
Holy locit tRosyth Moscow…
- p. 161 …Once hostilities cover the approaches to the Norwegian Sea. Our
began, however, these forces probably would…
i ~ToP
similar to the Scaleboard missile in range capability clear capabilities to be prepared for the more serious
but probably has improved accuracy and warheads. nuclear war contingency.
165. Soviet Nuclear Weapons Storage Sites in
161. Nuclear Artillery. The Soviets have 250 to 300 Eastern Europe. There are 23 Soviet storage sites in
nuclear-capable artillery pieces in their forces in the Eastern Europe, at least some of which almost certain-
western USSR. Nuclear-capable 203-mm self-proEleven of them are
pelled guns and 240-mm self-propelled mortars have located at Soviet tactical airfields, and 12 are isolated
been identified in two heavy artillery units there. Five installations for the storage of warheads for tactical
other heavy artillery units there are equipped with isileand rthe figre II-27.)
obsolete 203-mm and 240-mm weapons. No Soviet missiles and rockets. (See figure 11-27.)
heavy artillery units have been identified outside the
USSR. it is also
believed-ulilely that these installations, with their
extensive security, high-quality support facilities, and
in most instances apparently continuous occupation by
. Soviet troops, would be maintained simply as future
l'here is n o reliable evi staging points for warheads moved from the USSR in
dence that the Soviets have nuclear rounds for their time of tension or after a conflict began. We do not
152-mm artillery pieces-the largest now in the forces believe that the NSWP countries operate or control
in Central Europe. any of the nuclear storage sites in Eastern Europe.
162. Soviet nuclear artillery developments suggest 166.
that the expanded use of Frontal Aviation is regarded
as only a partial solution to the problems of providing
close-in nuclear support to Pact ground forces. Soviet
writings have long acknowledged that, because
NATO's nuclear-capable artillery would be deployed
close to the battleline, Pact artillery fire would be the
most effective and responsive means for destroying it.
163. Naval Forces. All fleets in the Soviet Navy are
also equipped with nuclear-capable weapon systems There is no firm evidence regarding the mix of
for use in theater warfare. Virtually all of the USSR's weapons stored in these bunkers, the portion of the
operational submarines carry nuclear interior space used for storage, or that reserved for
torpedoes, and at least half of the missiles on board -arhead_assembh, maintenance and checkout.
Soviet cruise-missile submarines are equipped with
nuclear warheads. This loading reflects the Soviet
belief that, although war could begin conventionally in
Europe, it would be fought under constant threat of 167. Depending on the type stored and storage
escalation to the use of nuclear weapons. practice, the storage sites in Eastern Europe could hold
a total of 370 to 1,070 tactical nuclear bombs, and
1,700 to 2,900 FROG and Scud warheads. Table II-11
contains the-range_of estimatesof-storage caoacitvt
164. During the conventional phase of hostilities,
about a third of the Navy's strike aircraft probably
would be held in reserve for nuclear operations.
Several Soviet writers also have indicated that a
"large" reserve of submarines and nuclear-capable 168. There is no firm evidence on Pact require-
surface ships might be withheld until the transition to ments for tactical nuclear warheads and bombs in
nuclear war. The Soviets evidently see the risk of Central Europe. It seems clear, however, that the
escalation to nuclear war to be so high that they are Soviets currently consider their requirements to be
willing to sacrifice a substantial degree of their nonnu- higher than those envisioned by Pact planners as late
11-47
Top~e