“Sea”60+ pages
- p. 8 …I1-41
Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO's Sea Lines of
Communication 11-41…
- p. 9 …IV-25
Initial Naval Operations in the Black Sea IV-27
Initial Air and Naval Operations…
- p. 16 …European NATO and the Warsaw Pact Figure 1
,'-
-
"''i 'Fr,~'""' NNA TO countries Benes Sea
Warsaw…
- p. 20 …An area in the
Norwegian Sea north of the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom
10
- p. 21 …The forces of the Baltic and Black
Sea Combined Fleets initially would be under the control…
- p. 22 …To assist in the achievement of air and sea superiority and to protect the
amphibious force…
- p. 23 …The Soviets would
attempt to neutralize Western SSBNs near their bases and in the
Norwegian Sea…
- p. 28 …Extent, Emphasis, and Timing of the Soviet Interdiction
Campaign Against NATO Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC…
- p. 30 …Likely Effectiveness of Pact Operations To Achieve Air
Superiority and Sea Control in the Baltic Sea…
- p. 31 …Likelihood of Soviet Use of Nuclear Weapons at Sea Before
Their Use on Land. Navy judges…
- p. 42 …At sea the establishment and maintenance of
36. The Soviets recognize the formidable strength Soviet naval…
- p. 50 …not include airborne divisions or the Polish Sea Landing
division-level air defense weapons. The SA…
- p. 54 …7
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP
NorweqianA'Motr iisio rifle
Norwegian divisionCategory I
Sea Category II
Category…
- p. 60 Peacetime Location of Warsaw Pact Air Forces Opposite NATO Figure 1-8
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP…
- p. 71 …For operations in the Mediterranean Sea,
January 1979 the Black Sea Fleet furnishes most of the…
- p. 72 …PO A
; re
-t {
- Black Sea Fleet
ROMANI A
-UGM (Dsevastopo -
BUGRAFleet Caspian
headquarters Black Sea…
- p. 73 …If the Soviets were not concerned with covert
deployment of their ships to sea, they could…
- p. 74 …number of ships able to put to sea on short have some 30 principal surface combatants…
- p. 75 …The wartime missions of the Warsaw Pact's
general purpose naval forces are to exercise sea…
- p. 77 lop et
Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21a
Maximum system
Payload (kg) Speed…
- p. 78 Nominal Flight Profiles of Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21b
Altitude (m)
18…
- p. 79 …but can into the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet air forces to date
remain submerged for…
- p. 80 …In the antiship role, wartime operational con- against ships at sea. The Fitters, however, all of…
- p. 83 …Pact fleets in the Baltic and Black Seas.
IL-38 May TU-142 Bear F
bottom…
- p. 84 …Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO Sea
Lines of Communication
142. In wartime, the Soviets…
- p. 85 …of a conflict when NATO
Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and much of the Norwegian would…
- p. 86 Table II-9 Northern Fleet submarine bases and the North
Atlantic sea lanes. They point out…
- p. 87 …In the Black Sea area, the combined Nuclear weapons allocations that we have noted
strength of…
- p. 95 …with either land- or sea-based missile forces. The LRA
H-II SSBN . 4/12 intermediate…
- p. 96 …This latest Soviet bomber has a combat particularly naval task forces at sea During exercises,
radius…
- p. 100 …Sea-Level Thrust-kN (lb r) 120 (27,000) 105 (23,500)
Installed Maximum Afterburner Sea…
- p. 102 …bulk-fill artillery and mor-
ships at sea, points of embarkation, forward storage tar shells; multiple…
- p. 112 …A shortage of technicians would oilers from their home fleets could operate at sea for
probably…
- p. 113 …The Soviets
to sustain operations at sea. rarely have been observed practicing this, however,
and instead…
- p. 114 …For naval and civilian, probably would seek to minimize
example, emergency action drills at sea are…
- p. 115 …developed to permit the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets to
foreseeable future, of marginal value be…
- p. 118 …Pact operations in the western
and sea areas, including islands (archipelagos), Baltic Sea also would be…
- p. 121 …Barents Sea
Maritime /
T VD 49 shr rri s /
Norwegian
ICELAND '1 I '
Sea T''f…
- p. 122 …The Combined Black Sea Fleet would
be formed from the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the…
- p. 127 …t ,,D ES MA ! R K y 7
~ ~ §.~.Baltic 50ea
North Sea -?
- ASNDT1 4... .
NETHERLANDS
1…
- p. 131 …units and with additional naval units at sea-would
choose to attack with the two-front…
- p. 139 …4 NATO airbases Balte sea-
HAWK missile belt -
Penetration corridor - -
North Sea
i/
POLAND
- West Berlin…
- p. 144 …This
buffer for Pact territory, and defend Pact sea lines of would require effective coordination of…
- p. 145 …b The soviet Baltic Sea Fleet. Not included are minor surface combatants or 10 reserve ships…
- p. 146 …The Pact clearly is aware that the success of its
infantry regiment, the Polish sea landing…
- p. 147 …Pact planners also of ships assigned to protect Baltic sea lines would be
recognize that the…
- p. 148 …these air naval forces from the Black Sea. It also would
operations, and the speed with…
- p. 149 …southwestern
Brigrades .........-- 9e - - littoral of the Black Sea. Soviet surface naval forces
Soviet divisions in Hungary…
- p. 150 …and secure the and to advance to the Aegean Sea and from there into
IV-26
- p. 151 …Pact air and sea superiority in the Black Sea
would be particularly critical to the Pact…
- p. 152 …the initialattacks by Soviet ships and submarines of
bThe Black Sea Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron…
- p. 153 …The Soviets no doubt realize, however, that the Sea Fleet, although reinforcement from the Northern
advantages…
- p. 154 …be reinforced cally available in the Black Sea Fleet, seven to
before the outbreak of hostilities…
- p. 155 -T _P.3_re4'
few, if any, large combatants from the Black Sea the Straits as…
- p. 156 …See paragraphs 102 and forces in the Norwegian Sea. Initially, we could expect
103 and table…
- p. 157 …Sealifted ground forces could gian Sea. If the Soviets chose to avoid Norwegian-
reinforce airborne and…
- p. 158 …The Soviets have about 130 operational cruise
Barents Seas and their approaches apparently consist missile and…
- p. 159 …submarines normally deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. 169. Another view "1holds that, in a typical initial…
- p. 160 …1 Sea control
N eMurmansk
_ G+UK "r'
Gap ''-1
(5Sea denial, ?"
Holy locit tRosyth Moscow…
- p. 161 …Once hostilities cover the approaches to the Norwegian Sea. Our
began, however, these forces probably would…
Top t
Selected Warsaw Pact Figure 11-13 capability favor preplanned attacks to destroy, noct-
Fighter Aircraft tralize, or delay NATO's forces before they can be
brought to bear against Warsaw Pact forces. These
MIG-21 Fishbed J MIG-23 Flogger B attacks are generally planned at such distances from
Warsaw Pact ground forces that close coordination of
each strike mission with the fire and movement of
friendly forces is not required.
81. The Warsaw Pact has established a joint
ground-air control system which is designed to provide
the coordination necessary to conduct close-in missions
when required. It consists of a series of joint air control
parties which are attached to the various ground force
Length (m) 16 18 echelons, radar-equipped control teams, and ground-
based forward air controllers. This system, which has
been observed in training exercises since the earlyMaximum speed 1,260 knots 1,350 knots 1970s, may also be used to coordinate aircraft and
Mach 2.2 Mach 2.35 ground-based air defenses, although how it would
function in such an operation is not fully understood.Combat radius (nm):
Subsonic area intercept 385 610 82. The introduction of new ground attack aircraft
with 4 air-to-air missiles. has improved the Pact's capabilities in several respects.
and 1 external fuel tank For example, the newer fighter-bombers-the Fencer,
Flogger, and Fitter C/D-can carry at least twice theSupersonic area intercept 195 415 bomb payload of the older Fitter A and can deliverwith 4 air-to-air missiles this payload with approximately three to four times
and 1 external fuel tank greater accuracy. (See figure 1I-14.) The net effect of
the greater payload and delivery accuracy is that the
Pact's newer ground attack aircraft are significantly
59ois. ., more effective than the earlier aircraft in ground
attack missions.
83. The Pact's new aircraft can also be used under a
greater variety of conditions. The new fighter-bomb-
relatively ineffective in clouds. The latest fighter ers, for example, are more capable of striking ground
variants carry semiactive radar homing missiles which targets in conditions of poor visibility. This capability
alleviate this problem. is provided by an integrated weapons delivery and
navigation system which allows the aircraft to arrive
79. Pact fighter units have a secondary mission of over large target areas such as airbases. However, the
attacking ground targets but have recently cut back on pilot must still visually acquire individual small targets
the amount of time their pilots devote to ground attack to ensure accurate weapons delivery. Tactically, such a
training. Flight activity in Soviet fighter units over the capability would be most useful in conventional bomb-
past two years has shown a 50-percent decrease in ing against targets occupying large areas or in deliver-
ground attack training, which previously amounted to ing nuclear weapons. The SU-24 Fencer has a newer
15 percent of total combat training. Training no longer bomb navigation radar which should give it the capa-
allocated to this secondary mission is devoted instead bility to deliver weapons with an error of 150 meters
to air-intercept missions. in low visibility conditions against well-defined tar-
80. Conventional Ground Attack." Frontal Avi- gets. This is substantially better than the blind bomb-
ation has the mission of conducting ground attack ing capability of Fitter C/D and Flogger D aircraft.
operations against supply lines and rear area installa- 84. Warsaw Pact aircrews rely largely on some
tions which support these forces. Soviet doctrine and form of control or direction from their ground-based
command posts for all offensive support operations.
"The nuclear strike capabilitics of Pact tactical air forces are This control often involves the use of airborne relay
discussed in paragraphs 157 and 158 of this chapter. communications. Ground-based radar equipment with
11-23