“Sea”60+ pages
- p. 8 …I1-41
Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO's Sea Lines of
Communication 11-41…
- p. 9 …IV-25
Initial Naval Operations in the Black Sea IV-27
Initial Air and Naval Operations…
- p. 16 …European NATO and the Warsaw Pact Figure 1
,'-
-
"''i 'Fr,~'""' NNA TO countries Benes Sea
Warsaw…
- p. 20 …An area in the
Norwegian Sea north of the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom
10
- p. 21 …The forces of the Baltic and Black
Sea Combined Fleets initially would be under the control…
- p. 22 …To assist in the achievement of air and sea superiority and to protect the
amphibious force…
- p. 23 …The Soviets would
attempt to neutralize Western SSBNs near their bases and in the
Norwegian Sea…
- p. 28 …Extent, Emphasis, and Timing of the Soviet Interdiction
Campaign Against NATO Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC…
- p. 30 …Likely Effectiveness of Pact Operations To Achieve Air
Superiority and Sea Control in the Baltic Sea…
- p. 31 …Likelihood of Soviet Use of Nuclear Weapons at Sea Before
Their Use on Land. Navy judges…
- p. 42 …At sea the establishment and maintenance of
36. The Soviets recognize the formidable strength Soviet naval…
- p. 50 …not include airborne divisions or the Polish Sea Landing
division-level air defense weapons. The SA…
- p. 54 …7
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP
NorweqianA'Motr iisio rifle
Norwegian divisionCategory I
Sea Category II
Category…
- p. 60 Peacetime Location of Warsaw Pact Air Forces Opposite NATO Figure 1-8
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP…
- p. 71 …For operations in the Mediterranean Sea,
January 1979 the Black Sea Fleet furnishes most of the…
- p. 72 …PO A
; re
-t {
- Black Sea Fleet
ROMANI A
-UGM (Dsevastopo -
BUGRAFleet Caspian
headquarters Black Sea…
- p. 73 …If the Soviets were not concerned with covert
deployment of their ships to sea, they could…
- p. 74 …number of ships able to put to sea on short have some 30 principal surface combatants…
- p. 75 …The wartime missions of the Warsaw Pact's
general purpose naval forces are to exercise sea…
- p. 77 lop et
Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21a
Maximum system
Payload (kg) Speed…
- p. 78 Nominal Flight Profiles of Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21b
Altitude (m)
18…
- p. 79 …but can into the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet air forces to date
remain submerged for…
- p. 80 …In the antiship role, wartime operational con- against ships at sea. The Fitters, however, all of…
- p. 83 …Pact fleets in the Baltic and Black Seas.
IL-38 May TU-142 Bear F
bottom…
- p. 84 …Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO Sea
Lines of Communication
142. In wartime, the Soviets…
- p. 85 …of a conflict when NATO
Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and much of the Norwegian would…
- p. 86 Table II-9 Northern Fleet submarine bases and the North
Atlantic sea lanes. They point out…
- p. 87 …In the Black Sea area, the combined Nuclear weapons allocations that we have noted
strength of…
- p. 95 …with either land- or sea-based missile forces. The LRA
H-II SSBN . 4/12 intermediate…
- p. 96 …This latest Soviet bomber has a combat particularly naval task forces at sea During exercises,
radius…
- p. 100 …Sea-Level Thrust-kN (lb r) 120 (27,000) 105 (23,500)
Installed Maximum Afterburner Sea…
- p. 102 …bulk-fill artillery and mor-
ships at sea, points of embarkation, forward storage tar shells; multiple…
- p. 112 …A shortage of technicians would oilers from their home fleets could operate at sea for
probably…
- p. 113 …The Soviets
to sustain operations at sea. rarely have been observed practicing this, however,
and instead…
- p. 114 …For naval and civilian, probably would seek to minimize
example, emergency action drills at sea are…
- p. 115 …developed to permit the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets to
foreseeable future, of marginal value be…
- p. 118 …Pact operations in the western
and sea areas, including islands (archipelagos), Baltic Sea also would be…
- p. 121 …Barents Sea
Maritime /
T VD 49 shr rri s /
Norwegian
ICELAND '1 I '
Sea T''f…
- p. 122 …The Combined Black Sea Fleet would
be formed from the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the…
- p. 127 …t ,,D ES MA ! R K y 7
~ ~ §.~.Baltic 50ea
North Sea -?
- ASNDT1 4... .
NETHERLANDS
1…
- p. 131 …units and with additional naval units at sea-would
choose to attack with the two-front…
- p. 139 …4 NATO airbases Balte sea-
HAWK missile belt -
Penetration corridor - -
North Sea
i/
POLAND
- West Berlin…
- p. 144 …This
buffer for Pact territory, and defend Pact sea lines of would require effective coordination of…
- p. 145 …b The soviet Baltic Sea Fleet. Not included are minor surface combatants or 10 reserve ships…
- p. 146 …The Pact clearly is aware that the success of its
infantry regiment, the Polish sea landing…
- p. 147 …Pact planners also of ships assigned to protect Baltic sea lines would be
recognize that the…
- p. 148 …these air naval forces from the Black Sea. It also would
operations, and the speed with…
- p. 149 …southwestern
Brigrades .........-- 9e - - littoral of the Black Sea. Soviet surface naval forces
Soviet divisions in Hungary…
- p. 150 …and secure the and to advance to the Aegean Sea and from there into
IV-26
- p. 151 …Pact air and sea superiority in the Black Sea
would be particularly critical to the Pact…
- p. 152 …the initialattacks by Soviet ships and submarines of
bThe Black Sea Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron…
- p. 153 …The Soviets no doubt realize, however, that the Sea Fleet, although reinforcement from the Northern
advantages…
- p. 154 …be reinforced cally available in the Black Sea Fleet, seven to
before the outbreak of hostilities…
- p. 155 -T _P.3_re4'
few, if any, large combatants from the Black Sea the Straits as…
- p. 156 …See paragraphs 102 and forces in the Norwegian Sea. Initially, we could expect
103 and table…
- p. 157 …Sealifted ground forces could gian Sea. If the Soviets chose to avoid Norwegian-
reinforce airborne and…
- p. 158 …The Soviets have about 130 operational cruise
Barents Seas and their approaches apparently consist missile and…
- p. 159 …submarines normally deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. 169. Another view "1holds that, in a typical initial…
- p. 160 …1 Sea control
N eMurmansk
_ G+UK "r'
Gap ''-1
(5Sea denial, ?"
Holy locit tRosyth Moscow…
- p. 161 …Once hostilities cover the approaches to the Norwegian Sea. Our
began, however, these forces probably would…
op
Avionics Trends in Warsaw Pact Figure il-11 capable of conducting combat operations past the
Tactical Aircraft Opposite NATO, Rhine. Today, large numbers of Pact tactical aircraft
1969 and 1979 can operate well into France and the Benelux coun-
tries, illustrating the progress made by the Pact over
Number of Aircraft the past decade in the combat capabilities of its
tactical air forces. Figure 11-12 depicts the payload
Fighter Air-to-Air Avionics and operations radius of selected Pact tactical aircraft.
2,000
Rear Hemisphere, 76. Although recent improvements have signifi-.
Visual Only cantly enhanced the capability of the Pact's tactical air
forces to conduct long-range offensive operations, the
Rear Hemisphere, basic role of these forces remains unchanged. The
Adverse Weather Pact's tactical air forces continue to have two primary
1,000 missions-air defense and ground attack support of
the Pact's ground armies. The continuing emphasis on
air defense is indicated by the high priority in equip-
500 -Aspect ment modernization accorded fighter units.
Limited Lookdown/ 77. Air-to-Air Combat. The primary mission of the
Shootdown Warsaw Pact's tactical fighter forces is to engage
0 1969 1979 NATO's aircraft, preferably over NATO territory. All
Soviet Frontal Aviation fighter units are equipped
Fighter-Bomber and Light Bomber with all-weather MIG-21 or MIG-23 aircraft. (See
Bombing/ Navigation Avionics figure II-13.) About two-thirds of the fighters in the
2,000 NSWP tactical air forces are all-weather models. The
majority of the MIG-21s are the latest variants, which,
compared with earlier MIG-21s, have a greater fuel
Limited Navigation, and payload capability, an integral gun, and improved
Visual Bombing electronic equipment. MIG-23s now are in the inven-
tories of all Soviet Groups of Forces opposite NATO
1,000 Autonomous and in the western USSR. These aircraft are equipped
Navigation, with new air-to-air missiles. They have a 360-degree
-- Visual Bombig attack capability, but at low altitudes this capability is
" 500 ; Autonomous likely to be restricted to engagements from the rear.
Bombing and They have a limited capability to engage targets flying
; YNavigation below them at target altitudes of 500 meters over land
0 1969 1979 or 300 meters over water, although in such engage-
ments only a small altitude separation is possible.
577625 1-79 CIA 78. Other Warsaw Pact all-weather fighters are
limited by their radar equipment and armaments to
attacks from the rear against most aircraft targets.
Against slow-moving targets like helicopters flying at
sessing this capability. The fewer numbers, however, about 500 meters, they would be capable of head-on
have been more than offset by an increase in the attacks. Most Warsaw Pact fighters would experience
number of fighter-bomber units. Now also, some 30 considerable difficulty against low-flying targets be-
percent of the aircraft in Pact fighter-bomber units cause of limitations both in their radar equipment and
can navigate accurately at lower altitudes in adverse in air battle management capabilities. At low altitude,
weather using only onboard avionics, although they gun-armed fighters could engage a visually acquired
v to ae talforh treie target. Fighters using semiactive radar homing, beam-still have to acquire their targets visually for precise riding, or infrared missiles would generally requirewveapons delivery, favorable conditions for completing successful missile
75. In 1969 the Pact, with its short-range, low- attacks against low-flying aircraft. Some air-to-air
payload aircraft, had only a few tactical aircraft missiles are infrared homing versions which would be
11-21
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