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Warsaw Pact Forces opposite NATO, NIE 11-14-79, Volume II, the Estimate, CIA/NFAC, 31 January 1979

Central Intelligence Agency · 201 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is Volume II of National Intelligence Estimate 11-14-79, Warsaw Pact Forces Opposite NATO, issued by the Director of Central Intelligence and dated January 1979. The National Foreign Intelligence Board concurred with it. It was the first comprehensive estimate of Pact forces facing NATO since 1971. It covers Pact doctrine, the ground, air, naval, nuclear and chemical forces, command and control, and campaign plans for war in Europe. It judges that Central Europe would be the decisive arena, and it lists Pact weaknesses in pilot training and antisubmarine warfare. The document contains no UFO material.

  • p. 25 …and subsidiary systems such as command and control, radioelectronic combat (REC), and reconnais- sance data link…
  • p. 31 …Some of these submarines might alternatively have missions of minelaying near NATO naval bases or patrolling…
  • p. 33 …The Soviet Union views control of its East Euro- preparerd for any mission, froni defending against…
  • p. 42 …The USSR attributes a littoral of Europe have significant capabilities in either broad range of missions…
  • p. 51 …Improved models of the radio-controlled The SA-9 and ZSU-23-4 are probably with…
  • p. 55 …All Pact countries have well-organized mobili- direct control of the VGK to tactical-level missions…
  • p. 58 …These have pervasive control over the soldier's activities and commanders are expected to be closely…
  • p. 59 …Frontal Aviation missions include counterair, ground attack, Warsaw Pact Fixed-Wing Tactical Aircraft reconnaissance, electronic warfare…
  • p. 62 …Pilot Training and Proficienc. 3Y US stand- facilities, hardening command and control facilities, and establishing pipeline…
  • p. 66 …control system which is designed to provide the coordination necessary to conduct close-in missions when…
  • p. 68 major ground formations is used by tactical controllers conventional weapons or to have an operational weap…
  • p. 71 …countries, are tailored primarily for control of guished by missions: antiship strike, reconnaissance those two seas…
  • p. 75 …missions of the Warsaw Pact's general purpose naval forces are to exercise sea control 110…
  • p. 84 …this mission. The combat radii of Soviet ASM-equipped naval Capabilities for Exercising Sea Control in…
  • p. 85 …signed missions; submarines would not neces-" The holders of the second view are the Director, Defense…
  • p. 87 …the Soviets, Poles, and East Germans other missions. Most bombers would be required for have the…
  • p. 118 …would be detached from national control. Re- - The Western TVD. This theater would include, sidual forces…
  • p. 122 …and control functions is central to Soviet control and integration of Pact military operations. Such groups…
  • p. 134 …against HEAT ammunition, the Soviets have incorpo- control and combat support communication links. rated composite or…
  • p. 135 …The Air Operation have been ascertained from classified missions assigned to the NSWP forces are intended…
  • p. 141 …Pact air forces to perform their primary missions in poor flying weather. ould be the preferred…
  • p. 143 …Others believe that no judgment with flying combat missions at low altitudes or over long any…
  • p. 158 …The establishment of control of the Norwegian drastically the likelihood of a major, preemptive at- and…
  • p. 163 …aircraft carrier probably would be unable secondary mission of antiship attack. The Kiev prob- to cope…
  • p. 175 …be building a mand and control and electronic warfare missions. force capable of siniultaneously lifting much…
  • p. 176 …The Pact's early warning network is scheduled current roles of sea control in limited areas…
  • p. 178 …We do not know how the Soviets assess the achieving sea control and in providing support…
  • p. 182 …subma- to control Pact forces once they are released from rines with peripheral missions declines, some…
  • p. 186 …Soviet sea control capabilities gravity to require an early Soviet counteraction. The against US carrier and…
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Naval Operations those Soviet theater forces which are likely to be
allocated for operations in the Northwestern TVD.
146. During a period of tension before a war with
NATO, the Soviet Northern Fleet would establish 148. Soviet amphibious ships carrying up to a regi-
surface, submarine, and air patrols in the Norwegian ment of Soviet naval infantry probably would attempt
and Barents Seas and attempt to detect and track to seize limited objectives along the northern Norwe-
Western forces in nearby waters. As the likelihood of a gian coast. After the naval infantry had secured a
conflict increased, defensive minefields probably suitable port, followup Soviet ground forces from the
would be established along the sea approaches to the Pechenga area could be landed from merchant vessels.
Soviet coast- 149. We do not anticipate any large-scale amphib-
147. with the opening ious operations because the Soviets are limited in their
of hostilities, the Northern Fleet would attack Western assault lift capacity and their capability to overcome
submarines, aircraft carriers, and amphibious task determined resistance from the beach. Initial amphib-
forces detected approaching the Barents and Nprwe- ious operations probably would be confided to the
gian Seas." Some LRA bombers and Frontal Aviation coast of Finnmark, under conditions suitable for an
fighter-bombers-supplemented by naval bombers, early linkup with the ground forces. The Soviets,
when available-probably would strike NATO naval however, would probably commit a large number of
facilities, airbases, communications sites and surveil- smaller combatants to an escort role in support of
lance posts in northern Norway. Table IV-8 shows operations in northern Norway.
" Section D of this chapter, beginning at paragraph 157, discusses Ground Operations in Northern Norway
soviet naval operations in these areas. 150. Because of the limited availability of ground
forces and tactical aircraft in the northern Leningrad
Table IV-8 Military District and the high priority given to naval
Soviet Theater Forces Estimated To Be Available missions against NATO naval strike forces, we believe
for Use in the Northwestern Theater of an initial Soviet ground offensive would be limited to
Military Operations a the Finnmark area. Potentially strong NATO resist-
January 1979 ance beyond Finnmark and the risk of drawing in far
--- - ---_ - greater forces than exist in the Kola Peninsula area
Divisionsa would probably deter major Soviet ground offensives
Tank .............................. ................ .... .......-
Motorized Rifle 8 in the north until an acceptable outcome in Central
Europe had been achieved. Moreover, the better
Tactical Aircraft
Fighter-Bomber 90 defended-and more defensible-Norwegian territory
Reconnaissance/Electronic Warfare .30 south of Finnmark is at the extrenie limits of Soviet
General Purpose Naval Forcesc tactical air coverage.
Amphibious Ships" ..-........ .. 10 151. . initial ground
Naval Infantry Regiments ... _._........................_.......... 1
NavalInfantryRegiments. .... .. operations against northern Norway probably would
Includes Soviet ground and "airforces in the Leningrad Military be limited to the Finnmark area and would be made
District and those of the Soviet Northern Fleet which mighi be used by elements of the two Soviet divisions at Pechenga
in the Northwestern TVD. Some LRA and naval aircraft could also and Kandalaksha. We believe that subsequent oper-
be diverted from operations in other areas for use in this theater. ations could extend as far south as Tromso and Narvik.
" One airborne division located in the Leningrad Military District Seizure of Norwegian bases in the Troms area early in
could be used in this theater or in other theaters the war would be important to the Soviets because it
.Assumes that 70 perment of the amphibious ships would be would provide greater flank security for their naval
available given four (lays of preparation. See paragraphs 102 and forces in the Norwegian Sea. Initially, we could expect
103 and table It-8 in chapter 11 for information concerning the small-scale airborne or amphibious raids against these
normal peacetime availability of Soviet naval forces. bases in an attempt to disrupt NATO operations. We
d Some general purpose submarines, surface combatants, and would also expect bombing attacks against them by
naval aircraft from the Soviet Northern Fleet would be used to available LRA and Navy bombers. But we do not
support operations in the Northwestern TVD, but most would be expect initial large-scale airborne or amphibious as-
used against NATO forces in the North Atlantic. (See table IV-9). sault intis are-scale ore o adebus as-
saults in this area because of the lack of adequate air
-smet-- cover, airlift, and amphibious lift, and because of the
IV-32
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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 201 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.