“Sea”60+ pages
- p. 8 …I1-41
Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO's Sea Lines of
Communication 11-41…
- p. 9 …IV-25
Initial Naval Operations in the Black Sea IV-27
Initial Air and Naval Operations…
- p. 16 …European NATO and the Warsaw Pact Figure 1
,'-
-
"''i 'Fr,~'""' NNA TO countries Benes Sea
Warsaw…
- p. 20 …An area in the
Norwegian Sea north of the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom
10
- p. 21 …The forces of the Baltic and Black
Sea Combined Fleets initially would be under the control…
- p. 22 …To assist in the achievement of air and sea superiority and to protect the
amphibious force…
- p. 23 …The Soviets would
attempt to neutralize Western SSBNs near their bases and in the
Norwegian Sea…
- p. 28 …Extent, Emphasis, and Timing of the Soviet Interdiction
Campaign Against NATO Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC…
- p. 30 …Likely Effectiveness of Pact Operations To Achieve Air
Superiority and Sea Control in the Baltic Sea…
- p. 31 …Likelihood of Soviet Use of Nuclear Weapons at Sea Before
Their Use on Land. Navy judges…
- p. 42 …At sea the establishment and maintenance of
36. The Soviets recognize the formidable strength Soviet naval…
- p. 50 …not include airborne divisions or the Polish Sea Landing
division-level air defense weapons. The SA…
- p. 54 …7
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP
NorweqianA'Motr iisio rifle
Norwegian divisionCategory I
Sea Category II
Category…
- p. 60 Peacetime Location of Warsaw Pact Air Forces Opposite NATO Figure 1-8
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP…
- p. 71 …For operations in the Mediterranean Sea,
January 1979 the Black Sea Fleet furnishes most of the…
- p. 72 …PO A
; re
-t {
- Black Sea Fleet
ROMANI A
-UGM (Dsevastopo -
BUGRAFleet Caspian
headquarters Black Sea…
- p. 73 …If the Soviets were not concerned with covert
deployment of their ships to sea, they could…
- p. 74 …number of ships able to put to sea on short have some 30 principal surface combatants…
- p. 75 …The wartime missions of the Warsaw Pact's
general purpose naval forces are to exercise sea…
- p. 77 lop et
Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21a
Maximum system
Payload (kg) Speed…
- p. 78 Nominal Flight Profiles of Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21b
Altitude (m)
18…
- p. 79 …but can into the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet air forces to date
remain submerged for…
- p. 80 …In the antiship role, wartime operational con- against ships at sea. The Fitters, however, all of…
- p. 83 …Pact fleets in the Baltic and Black Seas.
IL-38 May TU-142 Bear F
bottom…
- p. 84 …Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO Sea
Lines of Communication
142. In wartime, the Soviets…
- p. 85 …of a conflict when NATO
Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and much of the Norwegian would…
- p. 86 Table II-9 Northern Fleet submarine bases and the North
Atlantic sea lanes. They point out…
- p. 87 …In the Black Sea area, the combined Nuclear weapons allocations that we have noted
strength of…
- p. 95 …with either land- or sea-based missile forces. The LRA
H-II SSBN . 4/12 intermediate…
- p. 96 …This latest Soviet bomber has a combat particularly naval task forces at sea During exercises,
radius…
- p. 100 …Sea-Level Thrust-kN (lb r) 120 (27,000) 105 (23,500)
Installed Maximum Afterburner Sea…
- p. 102 …bulk-fill artillery and mor-
ships at sea, points of embarkation, forward storage tar shells; multiple…
- p. 112 …A shortage of technicians would oilers from their home fleets could operate at sea for
probably…
- p. 113 …The Soviets
to sustain operations at sea. rarely have been observed practicing this, however,
and instead…
- p. 114 …For naval and civilian, probably would seek to minimize
example, emergency action drills at sea are…
- p. 115 …developed to permit the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets to
foreseeable future, of marginal value be…
- p. 118 …Pact operations in the western
and sea areas, including islands (archipelagos), Baltic Sea also would be…
- p. 121 …Barents Sea
Maritime /
T VD 49 shr rri s /
Norwegian
ICELAND '1 I '
Sea T''f…
- p. 122 …The Combined Black Sea Fleet would
be formed from the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the…
- p. 127 …t ,,D ES MA ! R K y 7
~ ~ §.~.Baltic 50ea
North Sea -?
- ASNDT1 4... .
NETHERLANDS
1…
- p. 131 …units and with additional naval units at sea-would
choose to attack with the two-front…
- p. 139 …4 NATO airbases Balte sea-
HAWK missile belt -
Penetration corridor - -
North Sea
i/
POLAND
- West Berlin…
- p. 144 …This
buffer for Pact territory, and defend Pact sea lines of would require effective coordination of…
- p. 145 …b The soviet Baltic Sea Fleet. Not included are minor surface combatants or 10 reserve ships…
- p. 146 …The Pact clearly is aware that the success of its
infantry regiment, the Polish sea landing…
- p. 147 …Pact planners also of ships assigned to protect Baltic sea lines would be
recognize that the…
- p. 148 …these air naval forces from the Black Sea. It also would
operations, and the speed with…
- p. 149 …southwestern
Brigrades .........-- 9e - - littoral of the Black Sea. Soviet surface naval forces
Soviet divisions in Hungary…
- p. 150 …and secure the and to advance to the Aegean Sea and from there into
IV-26
- p. 151 …Pact air and sea superiority in the Black Sea
would be particularly critical to the Pact…
- p. 152 …the initialattacks by Soviet ships and submarines of
bThe Black Sea Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron…
- p. 153 …The Soviets no doubt realize, however, that the Sea Fleet, although reinforcement from the Northern
advantages…
- p. 154 …be reinforced cally available in the Black Sea Fleet, seven to
before the outbreak of hostilities…
- p. 155 -T _P.3_re4'
few, if any, large combatants from the Black Sea the Straits as…
- p. 156 …See paragraphs 102 and forces in the Norwegian Sea. Initially, we could expect
103 and table…
- p. 157 …Sealifted ground forces could gian Sea. If the Soviets chose to avoid Norwegian-
reinforce airborne and…
- p. 158 …The Soviets have about 130 operational cruise
Barents Seas and their approaches apparently consist missile and…
- p. 159 …submarines normally deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. 169. Another view "1holds that, in a typical initial…
- p. 160 …1 Sea control
N eMurmansk
_ G+UK "r'
Gap ''-1
(5Sea denial, ?"
Holy locit tRosyth Moscow…
- p. 161 …Once hostilities cover the approaches to the Norwegian Sea. Our
began, however, these forces probably would…
Top et
8. In considering a future war with NATO, Soviet
THEATER COMMANDS strategists envision widespread combat operations
encompassing all of Europe and extending into the
The Soviets define a theater of war (teatr North Atlantic. Accordingly, they plan to divide the
voyny-TV) as the territory of any one continent, Western TV into three land TVDs in which they
together with the sea areas adjoining it and the expect Pact and NATO forces to come in conflict. (See
airspace above it, on which hostilities may de- figure 111-4.)
velop-for example, the European Theater of
War. A TV usually includes several TVDs. An- - The Northwestern TVD. Based on the Soviet
other TV presumably would be established in the Leningrad Military District, this theater would
eastern USSR against China and enemy forces in encompass the Scandinavian Peninsula and im-
the Pacific region. Not all of the national forces mediately adjacent waters.
would be detached from national control. Re- - The Western TVD. This theater would include,
sidual forces would be retained under national on the Pact side, Soviet and East European forces
control as territorial defense forces for rear area in East Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia
security and as strategic national reserves. and Soviet forces in the western USSR; and, on
A theater of military operations (teatr voyen- the NATO side, West Germany, the Benelux
nykh deystviy-TVD) is defined as a particular nations, Denmark, and possibly France and
territory, together with the associated airspace northern Spain. Pact operations in the western
and sea areas, including islands (archipelagos), Baltic Sea also would be included in this TVD.
within whose limits a known part of the armed - The Southwestern TVD. Soviet planners envi-
forces of the country (or coalition) operates in sion military operations against Greece and Tur-
wartime, engaged in strategic missions which key and probably northern Italy and Austria.
ensue from the war plan. A TVD may be ground, This theater would also include the Black and
maritime, or intercontinental. According to their Mediterranean Seas.
military-political and economic importance,
TVDs are classified as main or secondary. 9. The Soviets also expect major naval operations
against NATO in the North Atlantic to occur in
conjunction with a conflict in Europe. The equivalent
Unlike NATO, the Warsaw Pact does not have theater of the TVD in Soviet maritime strategy is the MTVD,
headquarters in being in peacetime. Hardened com- the Maritime Theater of Military Operations. We are
mand posts have been constructed for at least some less certain about the approximate boundaries of
Pact wartime headquarters, however. MTVDs than we are about those of TVDs. Operations,
exercises, and documentary evidence suggest that the
Western Theater of War: The Warsaw Pact High Soviets would regard an area in the Norwegian Sea
Command north of the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom
(G-1-UK) gap as an MTVD.
7. Arrangements for exercising control of Pact
forces within what the Soviets call the Western (or Fronts
European) Theater of War have been evolving over 10. Regardless of what echelons of command are
the last few years. Although ultimate control of all created to integrate wartime theater-level and strate-
Pact operations continues to be the VGK and the gic operations, the senior tactical command would be
Soviet General Staff, we now have evidence that the front. Although not directly comparable to any
indicates the commander in chief of the combined Western organization, the front would be similar to
armed forces of the Warsaw Pact would control all the NATO army group in size, level of command, and
Pact forces in this theater in wartime. We are less function. A front would usually consist of three to five
certain of how he would do this-whether the High ground armies, each including three to five tank or
Command of the Warsaw Pact would become a motorized rifle divisions, and an air army of as many
component of the Soviet High Command with the as several hundred tactical aircraft. A front operating
responsibility for operational control over forces with- in a maritime sector might also control any naval
in the Western Theater or whether it would form a elements which were chiefly devoted to that front's
separate command entity. mission. The ground forces of the front would also
111-3
Tap aLa