“Sea”60+ pages
- p. 8 …I1-41
Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO's Sea Lines of
Communication 11-41…
- p. 9 …IV-25
Initial Naval Operations in the Black Sea IV-27
Initial Air and Naval Operations…
- p. 16 …European NATO and the Warsaw Pact Figure 1
,'-
-
"''i 'Fr,~'""' NNA TO countries Benes Sea
Warsaw…
- p. 20 …An area in the
Norwegian Sea north of the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom
10
- p. 21 …The forces of the Baltic and Black
Sea Combined Fleets initially would be under the control…
- p. 22 …To assist in the achievement of air and sea superiority and to protect the
amphibious force…
- p. 23 …The Soviets would
attempt to neutralize Western SSBNs near their bases and in the
Norwegian Sea…
- p. 28 …Extent, Emphasis, and Timing of the Soviet Interdiction
Campaign Against NATO Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC…
- p. 30 …Likely Effectiveness of Pact Operations To Achieve Air
Superiority and Sea Control in the Baltic Sea…
- p. 31 …Likelihood of Soviet Use of Nuclear Weapons at Sea Before
Their Use on Land. Navy judges…
- p. 42 …At sea the establishment and maintenance of
36. The Soviets recognize the formidable strength Soviet naval…
- p. 50 …not include airborne divisions or the Polish Sea Landing
division-level air defense weapons. The SA…
- p. 54 …7
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP
NorweqianA'Motr iisio rifle
Norwegian divisionCategory I
Sea Category II
Category…
- p. 60 Peacetime Location of Warsaw Pact Air Forces Opposite NATO Figure 1-8
Barents Sea Soviet NSWP…
- p. 71 …For operations in the Mediterranean Sea,
January 1979 the Black Sea Fleet furnishes most of the…
- p. 72 …PO A
; re
-t {
- Black Sea Fleet
ROMANI A
-UGM (Dsevastopo -
BUGRAFleet Caspian
headquarters Black Sea…
- p. 73 …If the Soviets were not concerned with covert
deployment of their ships to sea, they could…
- p. 74 …number of ships able to put to sea on short have some 30 principal surface combatants…
- p. 75 …The wartime missions of the Warsaw Pact's
general purpose naval forces are to exercise sea…
- p. 77 lop et
Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21a
Maximum system
Payload (kg) Speed…
- p. 78 Nominal Flight Profiles of Selected Soviet Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles Figure II-21b
Altitude (m)
18…
- p. 79 …but can into the Baltic and Black Sea Fleet air forces to date
remain submerged for…
- p. 80 …In the antiship role, wartime operational con- against ships at sea. The Fitters, however, all of…
- p. 83 …Pact fleets in the Baltic and Black Seas.
IL-38 May TU-142 Bear F
bottom…
- p. 84 …Capabilities for Exercising Sea Denial in NATO Sea
Lines of Communication
142. In wartime, the Soviets…
- p. 85 …of a conflict when NATO
Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and much of the Norwegian would…
- p. 86 Table II-9 Northern Fleet submarine bases and the North
Atlantic sea lanes. They point out…
- p. 87 …In the Black Sea area, the combined Nuclear weapons allocations that we have noted
strength of…
- p. 95 …with either land- or sea-based missile forces. The LRA
H-II SSBN . 4/12 intermediate…
- p. 96 …This latest Soviet bomber has a combat particularly naval task forces at sea During exercises,
radius…
- p. 100 …Sea-Level Thrust-kN (lb r) 120 (27,000) 105 (23,500)
Installed Maximum Afterburner Sea…
- p. 102 …bulk-fill artillery and mor-
ships at sea, points of embarkation, forward storage tar shells; multiple…
- p. 112 …A shortage of technicians would oilers from their home fleets could operate at sea for
probably…
- p. 113 …The Soviets
to sustain operations at sea. rarely have been observed practicing this, however,
and instead…
- p. 114 …For naval and civilian, probably would seek to minimize
example, emergency action drills at sea are…
- p. 115 …developed to permit the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets to
foreseeable future, of marginal value be…
- p. 118 …Pact operations in the western
and sea areas, including islands (archipelagos), Baltic Sea also would be…
- p. 121 …Barents Sea
Maritime /
T VD 49 shr rri s /
Norwegian
ICELAND '1 I '
Sea T''f…
- p. 122 …The Combined Black Sea Fleet would
be formed from the Soviet Black Sea Fleet and the…
- p. 127 …t ,,D ES MA ! R K y 7
~ ~ §.~.Baltic 50ea
North Sea -?
- ASNDT1 4... .
NETHERLANDS
1…
- p. 131 …units and with additional naval units at sea-would
choose to attack with the two-front…
- p. 139 …4 NATO airbases Balte sea-
HAWK missile belt -
Penetration corridor - -
North Sea
i/
POLAND
- West Berlin…
- p. 144 …This
buffer for Pact territory, and defend Pact sea lines of would require effective coordination of…
- p. 145 …b The soviet Baltic Sea Fleet. Not included are minor surface combatants or 10 reserve ships…
- p. 146 …The Pact clearly is aware that the success of its
infantry regiment, the Polish sea landing…
- p. 147 …Pact planners also of ships assigned to protect Baltic sea lines would be
recognize that the…
- p. 148 …these air naval forces from the Black Sea. It also would
operations, and the speed with…
- p. 149 …southwestern
Brigrades .........-- 9e - - littoral of the Black Sea. Soviet surface naval forces
Soviet divisions in Hungary…
- p. 150 …and secure the and to advance to the Aegean Sea and from there into
IV-26
- p. 151 …Pact air and sea superiority in the Black Sea
would be particularly critical to the Pact…
- p. 152 …the initialattacks by Soviet ships and submarines of
bThe Black Sea Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron…
- p. 153 …The Soviets no doubt realize, however, that the Sea Fleet, although reinforcement from the Northern
advantages…
- p. 154 …be reinforced cally available in the Black Sea Fleet, seven to
before the outbreak of hostilities…
- p. 155 -T _P.3_re4'
few, if any, large combatants from the Black Sea the Straits as…
- p. 156 …See paragraphs 102 and forces in the Norwegian Sea. Initially, we could expect
103 and table…
- p. 157 …Sealifted ground forces could gian Sea. If the Soviets chose to avoid Norwegian-
reinforce airborne and…
- p. 158 …The Soviets have about 130 operational cruise
Barents Seas and their approaches apparently consist missile and…
- p. 159 …submarines normally deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. 169. Another view "1holds that, in a typical initial…
- p. 160 …1 Sea control
N eMurmansk
_ G+UK "r'
Gap ''-1
(5Sea denial, ?"
Holy locit tRosyth Moscow…
- p. 161 …Once hostilities cover the approaches to the Norwegian Sea. Our
began, however, these forces probably would…
training regiments requirements which are unique to air operations, such
as aviation POL; and the military district (within the
Replacement personnel USSR) or the front-level rear service organizations
would also be available from the large pool of reserv- supply common-use items. The front is responsible for
ists in the USSR. NSWP countries similarly have large storing and delivering common-use items to all mili-
reservist pools and well-organized mobilization tary units within its organization. It is also required to
systems. supplement the motor transport resources of an air
234. We believe that, rather than depend on stock- army.
piles of war reserve equipment to replace losses in the 237. Stockpiles. In addition to airfield stocks, there
early stages of a war, the Soviets would rely upon unit are stocks of POL, ammunition, and technical and
replacement by fully equipped units which exist in common supplies stored at centrally located depots
peacetime as low-strength or mobilization divisions. throughout the Warsaw Pact. Air units would normally
The large number of such units available are probably be expected to replenish their airfield stocks from
viewed by the Soviets as sufficient to sustain the forces these off-base depots. Air units usually draw their
until such time as production after M-day could build technical supplies from centrally located air force
up new equipment reserves. The Soviets have modest supply depots and draw their common supplies from
stockpiles of older equipment not in units in the USSR, centrally located supply depots under the operational
but our information on the serviceability and purpose control of front rear service elements. There are some
of this equipment is scant. The stockpiles include some air force depots which support air units with both
1,400 tanks, approximately 7,000 artillery pieces, some technical and common supplies.
8,500 various air defense artillery pieces, about 600 238. Pact air forces are calculated to have 290,600
armored personnel carriers, and miscellaneous equip- metric tons of ammunition, bombs, and rockets stock-
ment, all in the military districts west of the Urals. piled in the Central Region-East Germany, Czecho-
235. Production. Production factors and surge slovakia, and Poland-and an additional 130,000 tons
rates would not have a significant impact on the in the USSR west of the Urals." POL storage facilities
ratces wo anort avewar signifantopaTe lsthe associated with-Pact air forces have a calculated totaloutcome of a short war in Europe. The logistic of25mlin etctnsnsorgimdaey
capability of the Pact to support a protracted conflict of 2.5 million metric tons in storage immediately
would depend largely on whether production rates opposite the NATO Central Region: 1.3 million in the
could keep pace with expenditure and attrition rates. East Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia, and 1.2
For the most critical supply category, ammunition, the million in the three western military districts of the
estimated monthly capacity of plants producing con USSR. This does not include a substantial amount of
ventional small arms, tank, and artillery ammunition POL stored in airfield facilities.
in East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the 239.. Consumption. We calculate that, during a
USSR are shown in table 11-18. three-front operation lasting 12 days, Warsaw Pact air
Air Forces forces would expend approximately 143,000 tons of
236. Doctrine. Warsaw Pact air force logistic doc-
trine calls for the distribution of supplies to air units in
two ways: air force channels provide the logistics
Table II-18
Estimated Monthly Ammunition Production Capability of the USSR,
East Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia
January 1979
(metric tons)
M-Day M+30 M+60 M+90 M+120
Small arms, tank, and artillery 50,000 50,000 105,000 125,000 125,000
ammunition to to to to to
_ 60,000 60,000 110,000 130,00 130,000
11-68
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