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CIA/CSI/ History Staff Monograph, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and Oxcart Programs, 16 July 2002.

Central Intelligence Agency · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a CIA History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, written in 1992 and approved for release in 2011. It covers the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974 and its two aircraft, the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART. It follows their development, the overflights of the Soviet Union, the downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

  • p. 24 …Advanced Development Projects Division, Burbank. California. ED 129581.131011>10<25Yrs IS1 UNCLASSIFIED
  • p. 58 …Pedlow, Burbank, California, 26 August 1988. Sbc.et UNCLASSIFIED
  • p. 85 …how to transfer Lockheed employees from Burbank to Iwithout arousing a great deal of curiosity. The…
  • p. 273 …SP-1362, "History of the OXCART Program," Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, CA. 1 July 1968, p…
  • p. 287 …designed trailer truck that carried it from Burbank By 18 November 1959, the mockup was in…
  • p. 297 …Construction began in September 1960; a C-47 shuttle service ferried work crews from Burbank to…
  • p. 299 …The plane left Burbank on 26 February 1962 and arrived at two days later. After the…
  • p. 304 …into the engine nacelles during assembly at Burbank were sucked into the power plant during initial…
NOFORN
Chapter
291
CO5653421 UNCLASSIFIED
that ultimately required a complete redesign of the air-inlet system
that controlled the amount of air admitted to the engine. In the new,
adjustable inlet the cone-shaped projection at the front—known as a
spike—was designed to move in or out as much as three feet in order
to capture and contain the shock wave produced by the aircraft at high
speeds, thus preventing the shock wave from blowing out the fire in-
side the engine:5
Another J58 engine problem in early 1963 was foreign object
damage. Small objects such as pens, pencils, screws, bolts, nuts, and
metal shavings that fell into the engine nacelles during assembly at
Burbank were sucked into the power plant during initial engine testing
nd damaged impeller and compressor vanes. To control the
f5lEiTThckheedd instituted a program that included X-rays, shaking
of the nacelles, installing screens over various air inlets to the engine,
and even having workers wear coveralls without breast pockets.
Another source of foreign object damage was trash on the runways.
The giant J58 engines acted like immense vacuum cleaners, sucking in
anything lying loose on the paving as they propelled the A-12 down
the runway for takeoff. To prevent engine damage,' personnel
had to sweep and vacuum the runway before aircraft takeotlf.Th
_ -
EO 129581.6(d1111>10<25Yrs
NEW VERSIONS OF THE OXCART
In 1962 the Agency and the Air Force ordered two more versions of
the OXCART (in addition to the A-12 and the YF- I2A). One was a
modification of the A-12 to carry and launch ramjet-powered,
43-feet-long drones capable of reaching Mach 3.3 The two-seater
mothership received the designation M-12; the drone was called the
D-2I. This project was known as TAGBOARD. The original develop-
ment of the drones and mothership was sponsored by the CIA, but in
June 1963 the project was turned over to the Air Force, which had
overall responsibility for unmanned reconnaissance aircraft.
Development of the M- I2/D-21 combination continued until 1966,
when an unsuccessful D-21 launch caused the loss of its mothership
and the death of one of the crew members. Afterward the Air Force
turned to B-52 bombers to carry the drones."
"OSA History, chap. 20, p. 67 (TS Codeword).
'Johnson. "Development of Lockheed SR-71," p. 12.
" OSA History, chap. 20, p. 71: Jay Miller. Lockheed SR-7I (Al21YFI2/D-21), Aerofax
Minigraph 1 (Arlington. Texas: Aerofax, Inc.. 1985), p. 3.
Se et
UNCLASSIFIED

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.