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/specialCollection/MissileGap/1992/1992-04-01.pdf

Central Intelligence Agency · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a CIA History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, published in Washington in 1992 and approved for release in 2011. It covers the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, which developed and flew the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART. It traces the U-2's development, the overflights of the Soviet Union, the downing of Francis Gary Powers on 1 May 1960, and later operations. One section is titled U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK.

  • p. 18 …Leghorn persuaded his superiors to submit his suggestion to the . Pentagon for funding. He had not…
  • p. 20 …Meanwhile Leghorn, frustrated by the rejection of his original concept, had transferred to the Pentagon in…
  • p. 22 …become the assistant director of Lockheed's Advanced Development Program, was in the Pentagon on business…
  • p. 24 …for the construction and maintenance of 30 aircraft to a group of senior Pentagon officials that…
  • p. 26 …He had been present at Kelly Johnson's presentation on the CL-282 at the Pentagon…
  • p. 27 …with Strong in the Pentagon on 12 May 1954. six days before the Wright Air Development…
  • p. 52 …Late on the morning of 2 December 1954, Dulles told Bissell to go to the Pentagon…
  • p. 91 …1-le then briefed a high-level Pentagon panel that included the Secretary of the Air…
  • p. 92 …After a half hour passed, the base commander called the Pentagon to ask where the crippled…
CO5653421 UNCLASSIFIED
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Chapter 2
74
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IS]
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arranged for an Air Force officer of
to stay wan t e group during a preliminary training
I The plan to use foreign )ilots soon
ran into tro we wnen only
school and reported iney male only a iew ni ghts in the
U-2, and by the autumn or IVDD they were out of the program.'
Even before the elimination of thel lit was clear that there
would not be enough trained foreign pilots available in time for de-
ployment. Bissell therefore had to start the search for U-2 pilots all
over again. Lt. Gen. Emmett (Rosy) O'Donnell, the Air Force's
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, authorized the use of Air Force
pilots and provided considerable assistance in the search for pilots
who met the high standards established by the Agency and the Air
Force. The search included only SAC fighter pilots who held reserve
commissions. The use of regular Air Force pilots was not considered
because of the complexities involved in having them resign from the
Air Force, a procedure that was necessary in order to hire them as ci-
vilians for the AQUATONE project.
SAC pilots interested in the U-2 project had to be willing to re-
sign from the Air Force and assume civilian status—a process known
as sheep-dipping—in order to conduct the overflights. Although Air
Force pilots were attracted by the challenge of flying U-2s over hos-
tile territory, they were reluctant to leave the service and give up their
seniority. To overcome pilots' reluctance, the Agency offered hand-
some salaries, and the Air Force promised each pilot that, upon satis-
factory conclusion of his employment with the Agency, he could
return to his unit. In the meantime, he would be considered for pro-
motion along with his contemporaries who had continued their Air
Force careers.5'
The selection process for Agency U-2 pilots was very rigorous.
Because of the strain involved in flying at extreme altitudes for long
periods of time, painstaking efforts were made to exclude all pilots
who might be nervous or unstable in any way. The physical and psy-
chological screening of potential U-2 pilots was conducted by the
Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research in
Albuquerque, New Mexico, under a contract signed with the CIA on
OSA History, chap. 10, pp. 1-10 (TS Codeword): Geary interview (S).
" OSA History, chap. 10, pp. 5-6 (TS Codeword), Geary interview (S): Francis Gary
Powers with Curt Gentry, Operation Overflight (New York: Holt. Rinehart. and Wilson,
1970), pp. 25-27.
program at
L passed the
UNCLASSIFIED

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.