Documents / FOIA release
This is a CIA History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, published in Washington in 1992 and approved for release in 2011. It covers the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, which developed and flew the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART. It traces the U-2's development, the overflights of the Soviet Union, the downing of Francis Gary Powers on 1 May 1960, and later operations. One section is titled U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK.
“Donald A. Johnson”17 pages
CO5653421 UNCLASSIFIED Sec OFORN Chapte 303 Soviet missile system. As early as 1962, the intelligence community began to be concerned about the actual purpose of new missile instal- lations that first appeared near Tallinn, Estonia, and soon spread along the northwestern quadrant of the Soviet Union. Attempts to photo- graph the sites using reconnaissance satellites had been frustrated by the prevailing cloud cover in the region. Because of the lack of accu- rate information about the missile sites, there was a wide divergence of views within the intelligence community about their purpose. These views ranged from the CIA's belief that the installations con- tained long-ran ge, surface-to-air missiles designed to counter strate- gic bombers, to the Air Force's contention that Tallinn sites represented a deployed antiballistic missile system. Photointerpreters insisted that imagery with a resolution of 12 to 18 inches was necessary to determine missile size, antenna pattern, and configuration of the engagement radars associated with the sys- tem. Electronic intelligence (ELINT) analysts also needed data about the Tallinn radars, but there were no collection sites that could moni- tor the Tallinn emanations when the radars were being tested. Moreover, the Soviets never operated the radars in the tracking and locktin modes, a fact that prevented analysts from knowing the fre- quencies or any other performance characteristics of the radar. To settle the question of the purpose of the Tallinn installations, Office of Special Activities planners proposed a mission that would use the high resolution of the OXCART's camera This project's un- classified name was Project SLOPE, LOCAL; its classified title was Operation UPWIND. The proposed project involved launching an A-12 OXCART air- craft from find flying it to a Baltic Sea rendezvous with a Project IDEALIST U-2 flying from an RAF facility in Great Britain. The OXCART would fly north of Norway and then turn south along the Soviet-Finnish border. Shortly before Leningrad, the A-12 would head west-southwest down the Baltic Sea, skirting the coasts of Estonia. Latvia, Lithuania, Poland. and East Germany before heading west to return to The entire flight would cover 11,000 nauti- cal miles, take eight hours and 38 minutes, and require four aerial re- fuelings. EO 129581.6[111111>1010<25Yrs Although the A- 12 would not violate Soviet airspace during this dash, it would appear to Soviet radar network operators to be headed for an overflight penetration in the vicinity of Leningrad. It was ret UNCLASSIFIED
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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.