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/specialCollection/MissileGap/1992/1992-04-01.pdf

Central Intelligence Agency · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a CIA History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, published in Washington in 1992 and approved for release in 2011. It covers the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, which developed and flew the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART. It traces the U-2's development, the overflights of the Soviet Union, the downing of Francis Gary Powers on 1 May 1960, and later operations. One section is titled U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK.

  • p. 9 …The struggle between the CIA and the US Air Force to control the U-2 and…
  • p. 72 …2 missions. Access to the photographs taken by the U-2 would be strictly controlled, which…
  • p. 73 …This pact gave the Air Force responsibility for pilot selection and training, weather information, mission plotting…
  • p. 81 …Before the start of a mission, the ground crew set the counters to indicate the total…
  • p. 96 …All of the products from this project would be placed in the new control sys- tem…
  • p. 100 …This was an S-band radar used by Soviet forces for early warning and ground-controlled…
  • p. 113 …The President nevertheless maintained tight control over the program and authorized only 10 days of overflights…
  • p. 128 …the following day, whithi next U-2 mission returned from the Middle East. After quickly developing…
  • p. 140 …Welzenbach (S); Mission folder 4020 (18 Marcn n, CJJA rerar9 ITS Codeword). OSA History. chap. 4…
  • p. 142 …of the first series of U-2 missions as condu this research under a project codenamed…
  • p. 147 …not an easy task in crowded Japan.`) Detachment C began conducting missions in June 1957 after…
  • p. 191 …This revised cover story, along with a mission flight plan consistent with it, was sent to…
  • p. 196 …with Abel's "wife" (probably his Soviet control) in East Germany. In November 1961, Acting DCI…
  • p. 204 …in-the DDP in order to maintain control of his overhead reconnais- sance projects (the U…
  • p. 220 …Strongly favoring Air Force control of the U-2 missions over Cuba. the DOD representatives called…
  • p. 335 …The flood of information that the U-2 missions gathered led to a major expansion of…
  • p. 340 …In 1959 Bissell became Deputy Director for Plans but kept the reconnaissance projects under his control…
Chapter 5
207
CO5653421 UNCLASSIFIED
defenses of Cuba. If this overflight did not provoke an SA-2 reaction,
the study recommended -maximum coverage of the western end of
the island by multiple U-2s simultaneously." " Because the danger
posed by the SA-2 sites was one of the major topics at the Special
Group meeting, DCI McCone brought along Col. Jack C. Ledford
(USAF), head of the Office of Special Activities, who presented a
vulnerability analysis that estimated the odds of losing a U-2 over
Cuba at 1 in 6. The Special Group approved the recommended flight
over San Cristobal.
As the Special Group meeting was breaking up, Deputy
Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric and the Air Force repre-
sentative questioned the adequacy of the Agency's cover story, which
was that its pilots were Lockheed employees on a ferry flight to
Puerto Rico. The Air Force and DOD representatives argued that it
would be better to use Air Force pilots and state in the event of a mis-
hap that the overflight was a routine Air Force peripheral surveillance
mission that had gone off course. McCone then asked Colonel
Ledford's opinion of the proposed change. Ledford agreed that the
.DOD cover story was better but pointed out that the SAC U-2s were
much more vulnerable than those of the Agency, which had superior
electronic countermeasures and a higher maximum altitude. Ledford
then suggested that Air Force pilots use Agency aircraft after receiv-
ing familiarization training. After leaving the Special Group meeting.
McCone and Gilpatric met with President Kennedy, who approved the
San Cristobal mission and the use of Air Force pilots."
Two days later (I I October), Air Force and CIA representatives
met to discuss the change in cover stories. Herbert Scoville, CIA
Deputy Director for Research, agreed that in the lon g run the Air
Force cover story was best but emphasized that an Air Force pilot
should not be used until he had received adequate training. The con-
versation then turned to the issue of who would run the next mission,
the CIA or the Air Force. Strongly favoring Air Force control of the
U-2 missions over Cuba. the DOD representatives called DCI
McCone and obtained his consent. Shortly thereafter, McCone left
" Ibid.. p. 31 (TS Codeword).
Brig. Gen. Jack C. Ledford, USAF Ret., interview by Gregory W. Pedlow. Washington.
DC. 20 February 1987 (S); Memorandum for DC1 IvIcCone from Herbert Scoville. Jr..
Deputy Director (Research). "The Chronology of Events Leading to the Transfer of Cuban
vertli o ht Responsibility... 28 February 1963. DC1. records
S).
(0129511.6(dilll>10<25Yrs
(S)
UNCLASSIFIED

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.