“Gross”60+ pages
- p. 4 …The volume contains a series of tables estimating the Soviet gross national
product and its components…
- p. 5 …quantified estimates of
the value of Soviet gross national product (GNP), its rate of growth, its…
- p. 6 …The Soviet indices of industrial and agricultural production are based
on gross output rather than value…
- p. 7 …For
example, data on the amount of waste included in the gross output data of
agricultural…
- p. 8 …The measure shown represents “net output,” or gross output less products used
by agriculture (seed and…
- p. 9 …compendium on the Soviet
eeonomV- “The Real Gross National Product of the U.S.S.R…
- p. 10 …Contributions of Rush V. Greenslade ________ _________________-________ ____ __ 1x
I. Gross National Product of the USSR, 1950—80.-______________________________ 3…
- p. 12 …Release: 2019/07/19 C05210421
Part I. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT OF THE USSR, 1950-80
By…
- p. 14 …Turnover Taxes as a Share of Gross Output in Industry, 1972
6. Subsidies on Agricultural Products…
- p. 15 …2019/07/19 C05210421
Gross National Product of the Soviet Union in Established Prices, 39
by…
- p. 16 …of Value Added in Agriculture
B-8. Gross Output, Total Material Purchases, and Value Added in…
- p. 17 …I
Soviet Gross National Product in Established Priceskby End Use,
I if
I970
D-6.
I…
- p. 18 …An International Comparison, 1981
Gross National Product of the USSR: An International Comparison, 1982
Soviet Economic…
- p. 19 …2019/07/19 C05210421
Gross National Product
of the USSR, 1950-80
Introduction
This paper presents…
- p. 20 …Lee, “USSR Gross National Product in Established Prices,
1955-1975,” Jahrbuch der Wirtsc/la/I Osteuropas…
- p. 27 …GNP for the Soviet
Union and of gross domestic product (GDP) for
selected OECD countries.” For…
- p. 34 …Lee, “USSR Gross
National Product," p. 413; and Becker, 1969, p. 128.
difference between the growth…
- p. 35 …conducted on a net rather than a gross basis.
The enterprise is expected to be managed…
- p. 41 …the business sector
and are included in gross private business investment.
The second US account shows…
- p. 43 …On the other hand, the tax
amounts to 30 percent of the gross output of the…
- p. 44 …Turnover taxes were 30 and 56 percent of the gross
outputs of the sugar and other…
- p. 45 …The capital stock data used
in this study are gross of depreciation.
Approved for Release: 2019…
- p. 47 …2019/07/19 C05210421
Table 8 Billion Rubles
Gross National Product of the Soviet Union '
in…
- p. 48 …The row and column sums are
determined as each sector’s gross output less, respec-
tively…
- p. 49 …2019/07/19 C05210421
Table 10 Percent
1970 Soviet Gross National Product
by End Use
W…
- p. 52 …Therefore, value added is computed
as a residual—the difference between gross output
and current material…
- p. 53 …Therefore, if in-
dexes of gross output and current inputs are both available, the
gross output…
- p. 56 …Each subbranch index measures
the gross output of an I-O sector by summing the
physical…
- p. 57 …The material-input index is less desirable
than a double deflation or gross output index, but…
- p. 58 …2019/07/19 C05210421
Appendix A '
Soviet Gross National
Product, 1950-80
This appendix presents the…
- p. 59 …5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Gross national product 133.6 137.7 145.8…
- p. 60 …4
._ §l§5QfI.i2j§§5
1.0
Gross national product 232.3 245.3 254.5…
- p. 61 …4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Gross national product 383.3 398.2 405.7…
- p. 62 …0 5.2 3.7 2.7___
Gross national product 5.5 5.9 5.0…
- p. 63 …8 7.6 5.8 4.0
Gross national product 3.1 5.9 5.2…
- p. 64 …5.1 4.; 2.9 7.7“
'
Gross national product 5.6 3.8 -1.1…
- p. 65 …2 3.4 0.8 1 4
Gross national product 3.9 1.9 7.3…
- p. 66 …9
0.3
2.5
0.3
Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0…
- p. 67 …3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0…
- p. 68 …3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0…
- p. 69 …3 51.2 55.1 58.3 _
Gross national product 34.9 35.9 38.0…
- p. 71 …7 134.1 135.2 137.1
Gross national product 100.0 103.9 105.9…
- p. 72 …27.5 24.. ?6i5j_;
Gross national product 133.6 137.7 145.8 153.4 160…
- p. 73 …1 43.7 45.9 s9.7_‘
Gross national product 232.3 245.3 254.5…
- p. 75 …4.5 1.1 5.9 -3.1
Gross national product 5.5 5.9 5…
- p. 76 …0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross national product 3.1 5.9 5.2…
- p. 77 …0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross national product 5.6 3.8 -1.1…
- p. 78 …g
4.3
0.0 0.0
Gross national product 3.9 1.9 7.3…
- p. 79 …1 28.1 29.1 30.2
Gross national product 741.7 752.2 784.0…
- p. 80 …9 36.6 31.8 Ww3§’.98W
Gross national product 1,083.8 1,124.6…
- p. 81 …1 46.1 46.9 46.8
Gross national product 1,578.5 1,624.6…
- p. 82 …3.2
7*
1.4 1.3
Gross national product 3.7 4.0 3.5…
- p. 83 …1 14.0 13.8 13.5
Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0…
- p. 84 …8 13.4 13.3
7
17717
Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0…
- p. 85 …4 9.6 8.1 6.9
Gross national product 100.0 100.0 100.0…
- p. 86 …31.7 65.3______s.9 g
Gross national product 34.9 35.9 38.0…
- p. 87 …9 98.2 103.1 89.1
Gross national product 60.6 64.0 66.4…
- p. 88 …8 110.4 93.7 81.8
Gross national product 100.0 103.9 105.9…
- p. 89 …Subtracting the deflated material pur-
chases from the deflated gross output produces value
added in constant…
- p. 90 …The
ratio of material inputs (gross output less NMP) to
gross output declined slowly in this…
Approved for Release: 2019/07/19 C05210421
Table 3
USSR: Index of Net Agricultural Production, Selected Years 9
1950
'7
1955 1960 1965
I
119707 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Grain 48.3 56.4 67.2 66.0 100.0 76.6 120.5 103.3 131.6 97.7
Potatoes 88 .9 66.9 82.2 88.8 100.0 90.4 87.9 86.2 89.3 95.4
Fruits and vegetables 31.8 47.5 59.5 75.8 100.0 115.8 124.0 122.0 127.3 133.7
Technical crops 43.2 56.8 67.5 87.6 100.0 104.4 114.9 118.8 112.0 1
1'1 .9
Net crop output 54.0 57.5 69.6 78.2 100.0 93.2 112.0 106.0 116.2 106.7?
Meat 39.1 51.5 70.7 80.3 100.0 122.9 112.5 120.7 126.9 126.8
Milk 42.5 51.8 74.3 87.4 100.0 109.4 108.0 114.4 114.0 112.4
Other livestock products 24.7 47.6 58.3
(including inventory change)
85.6 100.0 58.1 82.7 106.5 97.8 92.1
Net livestock output 38.4 54.1 69.3 86.7 100.0 102.4 101.} 115.3 113.3 109.0
Net agricultural output 45.6 55.6 69.4 82.8 100.0 98.2 106.1 111.0 114.6 107.9
3 l970=l00
commodities, 1971-79 growth rates were less than
half of the rates posted for 1951-60.”
IV. Evaluation of Official Soviet Statistics
The accuracy of the CIA index of agricultural output
ultimately depends on the reliability of the Soviet
statistics used to construct it. Western observers have
long criticized Soviet agricultural statistics for being
unavailable, inaccurate, inconsistent over time, or not
comparable with Western measures of farm output.
In constructing the CIA index of Soviet agricultural
production, we have made some adjustments to com-
pensate for these deficiencies in Soviet statistics.
A. Availability
Availability of Soviet statistics is a broader problem
than the mere scarcity of data on physical output of
commodities. Data on commodity use are also scarce
as are the definitions needed to interpret some of the
published statistics correctly. The reliability of the
”° Poor weather in 1979 depressed crop growth and thus growth in
total agricultural output. If the comparisons were for the period
1971-78, crop output would have grown at an average annual rate
of 1.9 percent, and net output at 1.7 percent per year.
CIA index is affected more by the absence of statis-
tics on the use of farm products for seed, feed, and the
like than by a shortage of output data. Although
troublesome shortages of production data still exist,
more utilization data and definitional material have
become available and the accuracy of statistical re-
porting may have improved somewhat.
Earlier, Western investigators puzzled, for example,
over whether milk output statistics were recorded in
physical weight or converted to standardized butterfat
content. I-low milk fed to calves was reported in
output statistics was also ambiguous." Definitional
material now available explicitly states that gross
output of milk is in physical weight, while procure-
ment statistics are in terms of standardized butterfat
content.“ The issue of milk fed to calves has also been
clarified: milk sucked directly by calves is excluded
1' D. Gale Johnson and Arcadius Kahan, “Soviet Agriculture:
Structure and Growth,” Comparisons of the United States and
Soviet Economics, U. S. Congress Joint Economic Committee,
Washington, D. C., 1959. Nancy Nimitz also discussed this issue.
See RM 2326, Soviet Statistics on Meat and Milk Output: A Note
on Their Comparability Over Time, Rand Corporation, February,
1959.
" Z. G. Tresorukova, Tovarnaya produktsiya sel 'skog0 kh0-
zyaystva, Moscow, 1974, p. 103.
260
Approved for Release: 2019/07/19 C05210421