Documents / FOIA release

(EST Pub Date) Science and Technology in Communist CHINA Through 1970

Central Intelligence Agency · 1965-06-01 · 95 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency release is a Scientific Intelligence Study, TCS No. 4425/65. The Scientific Intelligence Committee prepared it with other intelligence community committees and approved it on 3 June 1965. It assesses Communist China's capabilities in science and technology through 1970, with particular attention to military and industrial programs. The study concludes that China will lag far behind advanced nations. The exceptions are a few priority areas such as nuclear weapons, missiles and air defense. It contains no discussion of UFOs.

  • p. 5 …Hence, the Scientific Intelligence Committee has undertaken this study to provide the intelligence com- munity with…
  • p. 10 …China will continue to lag far behind the more advanced nations of the world in the…
  • p. 12 …from the present through 1970, China will remain far behind the world’s more advanced nations…
  • p. 13 …Much good work in analytical chemistry is conducted by the Chinese, particularly on the methods of…
  • p. 14 …The most im- portant advancement in agricultural research has been in crop breeding. New native strains…
  • p. 17 …with advances in products, equipment, and production techniques. In more complex fields—for example, the priority…
  • p. 18 …In a few fields, especially those related to the advanced weapons program, a high priority in…
  • p. 19 …China is now taking steps to establish rela- tions with advanced countries of the non-Commu…
  • p. 20 …levels in the common disciplines of science and to concentrate on advancement in the follow- ing…
  • p. 24 …Research and de- velopment have continued to expand since 1960, especially in the expensive advanced weapons…
  • p. 28 …the last 10 years. Other new leaders will come from more formal programs for advanced training…
  • p. 29 …Sophisti- cated apparatus of the kind expected to be used in the research laboratories of advanced…
  • p. 32 …techniques and methods, and deficiencies in the amounts of advanced mate- rials, equipment, and facilities. Nevertheless…
  • p. 33 …The most advanced high-speed digital com- puter in China, the 16-K, is somewhat inferior…
  • p. 41 …capabilities lower than in advanced countries. Minimum operational requirements of the armed forces, industry, and agriculture…
  • p. 42 …By 1970, China will be only slightly nearer the level of advanced countries in meteorology. 148…
  • p. 45 …the situation during the period of this estimate, but by 1973-75 they should advance the…
  • p. 46 …Considerable advances have been made by the Chinese in the field of antibiotic research, but they…
  • p. 53 …This research, how- ever, has not yet reached the advanced scientific stage of that in many…
  • p. 62 _.-¢a_.- resistant materials imposed by advanced military and civilian requirements, the Chinese increased substantially the electric…
  • p. 66 …oriented toward the development of advanced weaponry and toward the production of advanced weapons on a…
  • p. 67 …The Chinese now are de- pendent on foreign sources for some advanced equipment and for designs…
  • p. 68 …However, advanced tech- nology is not needed to get most of the jobs done. The Chinese…
  • p. 78 …of the Shanghai-class, which do not represent any radical advances in design. The Shanghai-class…
  • p. 86 …These equipments, how- ever, probably will not be as sophisticated as those of the more advanced…
  • p. 87 …coMMUmcA'r1oNs—China places heavy reli- ance on imports from the more advanced countries for its…
Approved for Release: 2018/01/30 C00659420
TCS 4425/as —IQP_s1=.c2£L (b
144. Since Typhoons constitute a major threat
to the economy of China, considerable research is
conducted in attempting to describe and under-
stand them. The monsoons also are studied ex-
tensively. '
145. The Chinese recently (1960 and 1961) pre-
pared comprehensive climatological atlases which
indicate clearly that much of the effort in this area
has been directed toward basic, descriptive pro-
grams providing agricultural and economic support.
146. Some native meteorological instruments are
produced, although most of this kind of equipment
is believed to be adopted from foreign equipment.
147. Little significant research in physical me-
teorology has been conducted, though interest in
weather modification has been indicated and a
small effort in cloud physics has been started. By
1970, China will be only slightly nearer the level of
advanced countries in meteorology.
148. d. GEODESY AND CRAVIMETRY——AI'10tl'161‘ ac-
tive area in Chinese earth science is geodesy,
though little original research toward describing
the geophysical features of the country, so that
surveys for cartographic and mineralogic applica-
tions constitute a large part of the geophysical
effort. Only well-known methods and equipments
appear to be in use.
149. A gravimetric base-station network has been
established, and the Chinese are capable of estab-
lishing geodetic parameters for an IRBM test
range. The establishment of an ICBM range in
the Pacific will be diflicult with current Chinese
capabilities in marine geodetic measurements.
Routine gravimetry is used in mineral exploration,
but instrumentation is in short supply.
150. e. GEOMAGNETISM AND cEoELEc:rR1c1TY—
Basic research on magnetic storms and routine geo-
magnetic observations have been conducted by the
Chinese. Both fields have been applied routinely
in the exploration of natural resources. There are
no indications of geomagnetic investigations that
may be associated with a nuclear detection system.
151. f. cEoLocY—The Chinese have conducted
concentrated programs in all subfields of geology,
mainly in support of natural resource exploration
programs but predominantly on a reconnaissance
basis. New deposits of petroleum, various min-
30 - _ -
(b)(3
erals, sub-surface water, and other natural resources
have been located. In addition, emphasis is placed
on research supporting civil engineering and agri-
culture. This trend is expected to continue, espe-
cially in the exploration for minerals, petroleum,
and subsurface water to support an increasing
economic demand. In addition, research on rock
classification, correlation, and age dating, as well
as detailed mapping of economically potential
areas, will continue, but no significant contribu-
tions are expected by 1970.
152. g. sEIsMoLocY—The Chinese have been
active for several years in earthquake recording
and zoning, with considerable effort being directed
toward antiearthquake construction. Seismology is
used extensively in mineral and subsurface water
exploration.
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8-mm
Little basic research is indicated by pub-
lished literature; and, as yet there is no evidence
of programs directed towards marine seismic ex-
ploration. A network of seismic stations in China
is capable of underground nuclear detection on a
limited scale. Most of this network was set up
with aid from the Soviets. There are no indica-
tions that this network will be improved exten-
sively by 1970. < '
153. h. OCEANOGRAPHY-—A major portion of
oceanographic research in China continues to be
directed toward the support of marine biology and
the fishing and shipping industries. A stronger
program may be indicated by the recent establish-
ment of a State Council Bureau of Oceanography.
Several extensive and systematic annual surveys
have been carried out in the ocean areas adjacent
to the China coast but with emphasis on routine
data collection. China’s participation in the Com-
munist countries’ Fisheries Research Commission
for the West Pacific is an asset to the country.
Such programs as tidal and ocean wave study,
harbor erosion and silting problems, beach and
coastline studies, near-shore bottom topography
investigations, and extensive marine biological
programs are expected to continue. Other for-
merly neglected areas, such as marine physics,
chemistry, geology, and research instrumentation
are slowly being developed.
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Approved for Release: 2018/01/ 30 C00659420

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 95 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.