(EST Pub Date) Science and Technology in Communist CHINA Through 1970

and low-frequency control elements. The majority
of these transistors are intended for applications
in radio sets, audio amplifiers, power-frequency
controls, and similar devices. Some of these tran-
sistors can be used for relatively high-speed (on the
order of 1 microsecond) logic and computer cir-
cuitry. Although the number of transistor types
manufactured in China is‘ much less than in the
West, the types that are produced probably are
quite adequate for the manufacture of most civilian
telecommunications and control units which require
transistors, and for certain military equipment,
such as HF communication sets. However, the
apparent lack of Chinese-manufactured silicon-type
transistor will prevent the development of mobile-
type military telecommunications equipment that
must operate at extended temperature ranges.
129. More than 20 types of diodes are manufac-
tured in China and are in good supply. Many of
these are silicon diodes.
130. Chinese interest in laser and maser research
began in 1961 with one known scientist. The num-
ber grew to five in 1962 and subsequently increased
to a total of 54 by late 1964. Laser/maser re-
search is known to be conducted under the De-
partment of Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry
of the Chinese {Xcademy of Sciences.”
131. Ruby and gas lasers (helium-neon) are be-
lieved to have been constructed, and good basic
work on doped calcium fluoride laser materials is
under way. Crude laser crystals can probably be
grown in China, but crystals suitable for meaningful
research with lasers are most likely obtained abroad.
Western and Russian literature is followed closely,
but the time lag is probably as much as 1 year.
The full range of possible laser applications is cer-
tainly appreciated, but little more than the basic
laser experiments have been duplicated. The Chi-
nese indicate an interest in and probably are de-
veloping materials for ruby masers and lasers. Al-
though the emphasis has been on the optical prop-
erties of these devices, the Chinese probably are
aware of the use of masers in the production and
amplification of radio frequency oscillations at
millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. How-
ever, masers for military applications are not ex-
pected to become available until after 1970. If
the present rate of growth in this discipline is
continued, within 3 to 5 years China's research
could represent a major, full-scale program capable
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of making significant contributions to the state of
the art
132 Altogether, at least 16 facilities are engaged
in some aspect of electron tube research, develop
ment and production Approximately 200 different
conventional-type vacuum tubes of good quality
kn t b d d antit These un-are own 0 e pro uce in qu y
doubtedly are available as needed for essential
civilian and military purposes Although the Chi
nese claim to be developing and manufacturing
special purpose tubes, such as magnetrons, no in-
formation is available on the quantity or quality of
these tubes Magnetrons, however, are definitely
known to be manufactured at one of the two elec
tron tube plants in Ch’eng-tu, Szechwan Province.
133. Other electronic passive components are
produced by the Chinese in quantity and are only
considered marginally satisfactory in comparison
to Western prototypes.
134. N ative-produced electrical measuring equip-
ment for use at frequencies below 300 megacycles
per second appear to be readily available in China.
This type of equipment is somewhat inferior to the
best produced by the West, but it is adequate for
its assigned purpose.
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6. Geophysical Sciences
135. China’s geophysical sciences, with certain
exceptions, are just beginning to mature as full-
fledged research disciplines. Hence, inasmuch as
these regimes are characterized by the same prob-
lems of trained-personnel shortages, research-equip-
ment scarcities, and deficiencies in facilities that
prevail in other areas, China for some time will con-
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