Documents / FOIA release

(EST Pub Date) Science and Technology in Communist CHINA Through 1970

Central Intelligence Agency · 1965-06-01 · 95 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency release is a Scientific Intelligence Study, TCS No. 4425/65. The Scientific Intelligence Committee prepared it with other intelligence community committees and approved it on 3 June 1965. It assesses Communist China's capabilities in science and technology through 1970, with particular attention to military and industrial programs. The study concludes that China will lag far behind advanced nations. The exceptions are a few priority areas such as nuclear weapons, missiles and air defense. It contains no discussion of UFOs.

  • p. 18 …the Scientific and Tech- nical Agreement which was signed in October 1954 and the Scientific Cooperation…
  • p. 19 …with Soviet Bloc countries, are appear- ing. Cooperation documents have been signed by China during 1965…
  • p. 37 …In spite of Sino-Soviet ideological differences, China continues to cooperate, at least to an extent…
Approved for Release: 2018/01/so
TCS 4425/as —1=oP—sEc|re"r (b 3
steels, and spring steels. They now have corrosion-
resistant stainless steels needed for fertilizer plants,
and are acquiring applied research experience use-
ful in specialty steel manufacturing. By 1970,
China should be able to produce most varieties of
specialty steels. The major problem which the
Chinese have in specialty steel technology is the
poor control of chemical composition and homo-
geneity. Little is known of the Chinese ability to
produce such metals as titanium, beryllium, and
molybdenum. China’s problems with steel proc-
essing suggest, however, that at present it would
have difiiculty in producing and fabricating these
metals on an industrial scale since a more complex
technology is required.
113. Powder metallurgy techniques are not yet
well developed in China, and apparently little re-
search is being undertaken in this field. Other
modern metallurgical techniques, such as vacuum
metallurgy, zone-refining, and explosive forming
are being studied, though most metallurgical re-
search efforts are devoted to improving more con-
ventional techniques.
114. China probably has been engaged in re-
search on the metallurgical application of radio-
isotopes.
115. Technological problems concerning the
beneficiation of ores for the production of the com-
mon nonferrous metals, such as copper, aluminum,
tin, lead, and zinc, are still of concern to the Chi-
nese. In addition, Chinese metallurgists are con-
tinuing their efforts to develop processes for the
extraction of other nonferrous metals, such as zir-
conium, hafnium, uranium, and tantalum from their
ores. A degree of success in these efforts is indi-
cated, but they are still years behind the West and
are not expected to catch up until well beyond
1970.
116. The application of research findings to full-
scale industrial fabrication of metals is still a prob-
lem in China. Chinese difficulties in heat treat-
ment primarily concern the control of furnace
atmospheres, furnace automation and mechanization
techniques, and quality control procedures. The
welding of steel continues to be a problem and is a
subject of much applied research throughout China.
117. A limited amount of basic physical metal-
lurgy research is under way in China. Studies of
internal friction in metals, being conducted at the
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, are out-
standing. Other routine studies are being made of
metal whiskers, dislocations, creep, and magnetic
properties. '
118. The most important research institutes in
the field of metallurgy are the Institute of Chemi-
cal Engineering and Metallurgy, Institute of Metal-
lurgy and Ceramics, Institute of Metals, all under
the Academy of Sciences, and the Research Institute
of Nonferrous Metals, under the Ministry of Metal-
lurgical Industry. The Shih-ching-shan Steel Plant
in Peiping is devoted to" investigations of newer
steel making processes and to the improvement of
the conventional processes in use in China.
5. Basic Electronics
119. While trying to achieve a capability in
theoretical research, the Chinese are emphasizing
practical research and development for their im-
mediate production needs. In particular, they are
concerned with the development of their manu-
facturing facilities so that they can produce their
own telecommunications equipments and adapt
foreign equipment to their manufacturing capabili-
ties. In spite of Sino-Soviet ideological differences,
China continues to cooperate, at least to an extent,
with other Communist countries in research on
equipment tropicalization. China almost certainly
will have a very formidable research capability
within a few years after the period of this estimate.
120. In noncommunications electronic equip-
ment production and deployment for military use,
the Chinese already have demonstrated an increas-
ing ability to develop their own equipment and to
adapt foreign equipment to their manufacturing
capabilities. Their aim undoubtedly is to develop
a completely self-suflicient industry for the produc-
tion of this equipment, though at present they will
take whatever help becomes available.
121. To date, Chinese leaders have emhasized
the engineering development aspects of electronics
research, concerning themselves with adapting
Soviet Bloc, Western, and Iapanese devices, equip-.
ment, and systems in order to meet requirements
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Approved for Release: 2018/01/30 C00659420 _g
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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 95 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.