(EST Pub Date) Science and Technology in Communist CHINA Through 1970

Approved for Release: 2018/01/30 C00659420
rcs 4425/as (b
year PhD equivalent training is not known, but the
total currently in such advanced training programs
is estimated to be not more than 2,500. The Acad-
emy of Sciences had over 400 students enrolled in
its 4-year program during the 1962-63 year.
Through 1970, the formal training program should
add more than 3,000 new research workers trained
to the PhD-equivalent level.
82. Since 1950, some 7,200 Chinese students have
been sent to the Soviet Union as regular under-
graduates or_ graduate students at Soviet universi-
ties, colleges, and research institutes. About 4,600
completed their work and returned to China.
Others were recalled before completing their formal
courses. In early 1965, probably fewer than 50
were enrolled in Soviet higher educational institu-
tions. Those completing graduate studies leading
to the Soviet kandidat degree total about 1,800.
The kandidat degree is roughly equivalent to
the US doctorate. These Soviet-trained returnees
should be a source of some new leadership in re-
search unless held back on the grounds that they
may be pro-Soviet as a consequence of their ex-
perience.
83. The Chinese in the next few years may com-
mence the training of appreciable numbers in Euro-
pean countries and in ]apan, but this is by no
means certain. At present, there are very few
science and engineering students from China study-
ing in Western countries.
84. In the field" of nuclear physics, a special
training program is provided at the Ioint Institute
for Nuclear Research at Dubna, USSR, near Mos-
cow. China is the second largest supporter in this
international (Communist) research center, the So-
viet Union being the largest and providing about
half the support. The number of Chinese doing
research or in training there is not known but is
probably about 50.
FACILITIES FOR RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
85. Facilities and equipment of widely ranging
quality and quantity can be found in the various
Chinese research and development establishments.
Very large complexes employing thousands of per-
sons are in operation in fields, such as nuclear
energy and missiles, and in broad-ranging fields,
such as that of the chemical industry. Sophisti-
cated apparatus of the kind expected to be used
in the research laboratories of advanced countries
can be found in China and probably is available
in adequate quantities where very high priority
programs are under way. In general, however,
Chinese research scientists are commonly handi-
capped by not having access to the equipment and
materials they need because of nonexistence or poor
distribution. They must work with considerably
less equipment than they need, and they spend a.n
inordinate amount of time making equipment and
materials that in advanced countries would be
available commercially. Chinese industry is not
yet prepared to fill such needs adequately, and
foreign purchases are restricted by foreign exchange
shortage or export prohibitions.
86. Expansion of research and development fa-
cilities has gone forward, even during the post-1960
period of general economic retrenchment. This is
especially notable in connection with nuclear en-
ergy and missile development, but exnanslfi HS‘ _
not been restricted to those fields.
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