(EST Pub Date) Science and Technology in Communist CHINA Through 1970

Approved for Release: 2018/01/30 C00659420
TCS 4425/65 "|‘C‘P-5'E€-R-E-T-
probably continue in connection with certain trade
items that call for technical services, but the nature
of them, if any, is not known.
52. Relations with Eastern European countries
have been similar to those with the Soviet Union
but on a considerably smaller scale. Formal rela-
tionships covered by scientific and technical agree-
ments are being maintained, although the substan-
tive content is believed to have diminished mark-
edly in the last few years.
53. China is now taking steps to establish rela-
tions with advanced countries of the non-Commu-
nist world as a substitute for the valuable relations
formerly enjoyed with the Soviet Bloc. The inter-
national political environment combined with
China’s own hesitancy to open her doors to for-
eigners has retarded the growth of these relations.
China, however, has moved gingerly along the
usual avenues of access to foreign scientific knowl-
edge, materials, and assistance.
s tor the n1r1ng_ot non-B100 scientists to do re-
search, consult, or teach for extended periods in
China, none are known to have been hired, al-
though official overtures to do so have been voiced
in some japanese scientific circles. There are nu-
merous instances, however, of Western scientists
being invited to China for consultation and lecture
tours of a few weeks duration. Attendance at
international scientific meetings commenced to be
an important type of contact with non-Bloc science
during 1963, but the “two-Chinas problem” keeps
Communist China out of any organization in which
the Republic of China is a member. Communist
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China adheres to none of the bodies under the
International Council of Scientific Unions except
the History of Science Section of the Union of the
History and Philosophy of Science. Contacts have
been established between the Chinese Academy of
Sciences and the British Royal Society and the
Australian Academy of Science. Expansion of
such relations is expected.
55. In the less-developed countries, China uses
science and technology to promote her interests.
The example of China’s scientific progress is used
as a foundation for influential relations. Under
cover of scientific and technical assistance, Chinese
geologists, civil engineers, and-others are able to
explore and map foreign countries. China’s biggest
effort in the use of science to influence foreign
countries was the convocation of the Peiping Sci-
ence Symposium in August 1964. It was attended
by individuals from 41 countries of Asia, Africa,
South America, and Oceania (New Zealand and
Australia). The main purpose was clearly politi-
cal. By means of the Symposium and the perma-(b)(1)
nent liaison office established by the Chinese in
connection with it, China intends to develop Pei-
ping as a science center and to use science as one
of the bonds in welding together an Afro-Asian
Bloc under China’s domination.
56. Other efforts have included a few Chinese
touring delegations, attendance at science confer-
ences in Asia and Africa, and. special training of
foreigners in China. Scientific and technical coop-
eration agreements, similar to those signed during
the l950’s with Soviet Bloc countries, are appear-
ing. Cooperation documents have been signed by
China during 1965 with Indonesia, Cambodia, and
the United Arab Republic, during 1964 with Al-
geria, and in 1960 with Cuba. China's use of sci-
ence and technology as a vehicle for penetration
and influence in Afro-Asian countries is expected
to expand steadily in the next few years. _
for Release: 2018/01/30 C00659420
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