Intelligence and Security Operations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Ministry of National Defense

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POWs and their relatives in the US. The CDV had no responsibility for this
psychological warfare activity, other than determining which POW was
allowed to write home and have his _identity surfaced as alive in North
Vietnam in a POW status.
From BCA and CNC interrogation and indoctrination reports, the CDV
was able to select candidates for exploitation in psychological warfare
programs. The CDV Indoctrination and Propaganda Offices were deeply
involved in this activity. Handwritten POW statements on political subjects
were studied and used to develop indoctrinationmaterials and psychological
warfare propaganda leaflets and pamphlets for distribution in South Vietnam
and abroad. Handwritten statements made in South Vietnam to CDV field
components were similarly studied and sent to the CDV headquarters in
Hanoi for incorporation into POW indoctrination, and enemy military
proselytizing programs. All‘ interrogation and indoctrination reports, and
handwritten statements were recorded in detail and incorporated into the
POW's Preliminary Personnel Record dossier. Information was correlated
against that obtained from other POWs and used in subsequent interrogations
and indoctrination sessions if required. Personnel of the CDV Indoctrination
and Propaganda Offices had direct access to POWs; conducted and supervised
indoctrination sessions; distributed indoctrination and propaganda materials;
supervised the preparation of handwritten POW statements from selected
cooperative and "progressive" POWs; and supervised “progressive” POWs
who were utilized in press conferences and in antiwar broadcasts over Radio
Hanoi. -
Indoctrination sessions were designed to convince the POW of the
heroism and the determination of the Vietnamese people in their struggle for
independence from foreign domination. POWs were required to read books,
documents, and pamphlets on Vietnamese history and the reconstruction of
North Vietnam. However, readingfmaterials were considered by the CDV to
be not as effective as oral question and answer sessions, where the POW was
guided to provide desired responses. Indoctrination took priority over
intelligence collection. One of the most effective methods of indoctrination
was the use of intensive lectures followed by demonstrations through pictures
of injuries inflicted on women and children. Following oral sessions, the POW
was usually required to make a handwritten statement on the question and
answer topic. If the POW refused to make a handwritten statement, various
forms of physical force and torture were applied as a last recourse until the
POW complied. These handwritten statements were also included in the
POW's Preliminary Personnel Record dossier. '
Annex A represents what is believed to be a standardized questionnaire
implemented by the CDV in South Vietnam against US POWs between 1966
and 1972. The questionnaire was specifically aimed at collecting information
on fmilitary morale and motivations for use in psychological warfare
propaganda programs against US military personnel in South Vietnam and
abroad. The goals of which were to persuade US military personnel to ask the
US Government to send them home; not to fight against the just cause of the
liberation forces; not to support the RVN and its ARVN; and to oppose
military operations against civilians in liberated areas.-
19
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