Documents / FOIA release

(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

  • p. 9 …He also dis- cusses how various groups have reacted to rising terri- torial nationalism. Approved for…
  • p. 18 …The issue of sense of territory is thus closely linked to the second core terri- torial…
  • p. 19 …The latter encompasses laws that set aside some terri- tory for a given ethnic group. The…
  • p. 28 …The link between territory, identity, and terri- toriality becomes especially dynamic when discord exists between two…
  • p. 32 …Murphy made about ethnic mobili- zation and socioeconomic status as they relate to terri- toriality. Dr…
  • p. 33 …suggest giving the old provinces more political-terri- torial significance within the state. Then their citizens…
  • p. 50 …The Serbs want Krajina as a piece of geographical terri- tory, and the Serbs who live…
  • p. 52 …Sovereignty over European terri- tory was initially determined by church and dynastic settlements following periodic warfare…
  • p. 66 …That may mean some of the kinds of terri- torial policies that I suggested. It also…
  • p. 76 …National identity and terri- torial identity have been intimately interrelated, and a rising sense of national…
  • p. 79 …The big- gest threat to Russia today in terms of its intemal terri- torial integrity is…
  • p. 153 …The real crux of the terri- torial problem is one of scale because the homoge- neity…
  • p. 184 …Nevertheless, many geographers will agree that one of the most important characteristics of‘terri- tory is…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
Western Europe ’s Lesser Used Languages
Belgium
German
Denmark
German
France
Breton
Catalan
Basque
Corsican
Dutch
German/Alsatian
Occitan
Germany
North Frisian
East Frisian
Danish
Polish
Greece
A rvinite
Turkish
Macedonian
Vlak
Ireland
Irish
Italy
French (Franco-Pro vencal)
Occitan
German
Ladin
Slovene
Friulan
Sard
Catalan
Greek
Crodtian
Albanian
Luxembourg
Letzebuergesch
Netherlands
West Frisian
Spain
Catalan
Gallego
Basque
Occitan
United Kingdom
Gaelic
Scots
Comish
Irish
Welsh
Conclusion
Ethnic mobilization is so often a surrogate for other
issues such as political snuggle, economic depriva-
tion, and psychological adjustment to the status quo.
Ethnic issues, whether as purposive or reactive ele-
ments, are likely to increase in their salience as West-
em Europe avers a more open, pltualistic society.
Geographers can play an important role in analyzing
the conventional elements of migration, distribution,
and tenitorial organization of society. However, the
major challenge facing us is in interpreting the trends
that emerge as a result of the disjuncture between the
formally structured political units—at whatever scale
from local to superstructural-—-and the actual social
behavior of an increasingly autonomous and individu-
alistic citizenry. Coping with this new complex reality
by learning to read between the lines will be the chief
social skill required of both active citizen and special-
ist observer alike. Let me end by raising a few critical
questions that geographers and others will need to
address if Europe is to honor the basic rights of all its
constituent citizens:
' On what basis will the new European identity be
constructed—federal, regional, racial, or national‘?
- What effect will the enlargement of the European
Union have on the intemal ethnolinguistic and
regional management of the Community?
- To what extent will border tensions spill into Com-
munity states, and how will these effect the grand
design of opening up the frontiers of Europe?
~ How permeable are the new frontiers of the Euro-
pean Community?
~ “fill ethnicity, as a base for social mobilization,
increase or decrease with greater political-economic
integration?
- How will political organizations, especially metro-
politan authorities, cope with the increased diversity
of their constituent citizens and the newly enfran-
chised rights of cultural pluralism?
~ What role will territory and place have in structuring
the life chances of hitherto discriminated minorities?
~ Will we have a nested hierarchy of disadvantage
aggravated by global economic changes inducing
the expansion of domination and dependence of the
poor and the racially distinct?
~ Who controls access to information within the
mother tongue and the working languages of the
European minorities?
53
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.