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(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

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“Nevers”25 pages

  • p. 50 …For example, Muslim Serbs and Muslim Croats never defined them- selves as a people. They never…
  • p. 51 …I think that’s very crucial to under- standing why the Albanians never claimed Kosovo. Of…
  • p. 62 …be taught as a second foreign language, never as the first, and d_) less information and…
  • p. 78 …It never was. It might be useful, instead, to view the Soviet Union as a colonial…
  • p. 91 …As such, the ability of states to get from their people what they want has never…
  • p. 92 …The peoples of Africa never chose what their bound- aries should be—they were imposed by…
  • p. 93 …I never would have sent them in the first place. I thought our job was to…
  • p. 109 …Most of the provisions of this agreement were never imple- mented, and Kurdish autononiy became a…
  • p. 110 …those remaining in Lebanon, that prospect was never accepted by Muslims. The absence of believable data…
  • p. 112 …the vast majority of them—who have never known democracy. Other hopes can be enter- tained…
  • p. 114 …But in this region we can never say never, as evi- denced by the recent gasp…
  • p. 116 …Although Sovietologists could never have predicted the rapid events that dismantled the USSR at the beginning…
  • p. 119 …The Chinese, in my opinion,‘ never take China for granted, culturally, politically, or otherwise. This is…
  • p. 120 …What is going on here? National identities, although imagined, are never arbi- trary but arise in…
  • p. 121 …be one reason why these categories have never been challenged. The very Confucian practice of the…
  • p. 123 …These ethnic identities are “imagined” in Ben Ander- son’s (1983) terms, but they are never…
  • p. 133 …Inter- vention in the cause of the exacerbation of ethnic conflict should never be justified. Intervention…
  • p. 141 …Sociocultural identities in South Asia have never been fixed. The corporate mobility of particular groups, some…
  • p. 147 …Although never posing a serious challenge to Congress, the Mahasabha was particularly influential in the period…
  • p. 157 …were always moderate and that the extremists never represented the Sikh rank and file. One fundamental…
  • p. 166 …These are the people who have never had any form of internationally recognized status and who…
  • p. 169 …ways to enter as illegal immigrants and never get counted. 1 I Another important point to…
  • p. 177 …The -French nation never managed to incorpo- rate the adjacent French-speaking Belgian Walloons or the…
  • p. 186 …The reason Armenians still hate Turks is that there has never been reconciliation. Similarly there will…
  • p. 204 …You are never going to have total agreement on mov- ing boundaries. In fact, hundreds of…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
. References (continued)
Rugg, Dean S. Eastern Europe. New York: Longman,
1985. Excellent on the German influence (albeit quite
germanophilic in its bias) on the states of Central
Europe. It gives little shrift to issues of the Slavs and
their contribution to the region and is very poor on the
Balkans. .
Sugar, Peter ed., Ethnic Diversity and Conflict in East-
ern Europe. Santa Barbara: University of California
Press, 1980. This is one of the best books ever written
on ethnic issues in Eastem Europe. It is a classic.
Tumock, David:
The Making of Eastern Europe: From Earliest
Times to 1815. New York: Routledge, 1988;
The Human Geography of Eastern Europe. New
York: Routledge, 1989; and
Eastern Europe: An Economic and Political Geog-
raphy. New York: Routledge, 1989. These are good
basic texts with information on the geography,
economy, and politics of Eastern Europe from a
geographical point of view.
White, George W. The Nation-State Ideal and the
Emergence of Modem Hungary. MA Thesis, Geogra-
phy Department, University of Oregon, 1990. One of
the best works on ethnoterritorial issues in Central
Europe. Deals with the concept of territoriality and
ethnic identity using the example of Hungarians and
Hungary.
Wilkinson, Henry Robert. Maps and Politics: a
Review of the Ethnographic Geography of Mace-
donia. Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 1951.
An excellent work on how maps are used to promote
nationalist claims. It is especially good for its treat-
ment of the Macedonian question.
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Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.