(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
Territorial Processes “
Centralization subsumed:
' “Centripetal forces. ”
' Socioeconomic and political integration.
' Modernization.
' Metropolitanism.
' Core-periphery relationships.
Decentralization subsumed: .
' “Centrifugal forces. ”
I
' Self-determination-——processes involved in a demand
for the restructuring of the State, with new power to
the people.
~ Devolution-legislative power from center to
region( s). '_
' Colonial rule.
' Decolonization-instigated by the imperial power:
Capital city location:
' Site selection process and consequences of site
selection.
Boundary establishment's three stages:
' Definition.
' Delimitation.
' Demarcation.
Expansionist subsumed:
' Imperialism.
Irredentism subsumed:
' Annexationism—change in political control from
one unit to another:
Separatism subsumed:
Autonomism-—implies territorial distinctiveness.
' Self-determination—processes involved in a demand
to be separated from the existing State.
' Decolonization—initiated by colony.
' Secessionism—detachment to create a new territory.
" Based on Whebell (I983), with modifications and additions by
Knight.
replaced by multiparty democratic systems responsive
to ballot box results. Colonial rule, under the guidance
of a govemor, is a form of decentralization, as is
decolonization that occurs by imperial action.
All States, through their governments, deal with com-
peting centripetal and centrifugal forces. Competition
between and among the regions of the State and with
the center provides evidence of this. The selection of a
capital city generally brings both forces to the surface
as competing tenitorially based biases and opinions
are expressed. Hence the selection of a new capital
can itself be a territorial process, as evidenced by the
bitter casein Canada in the 19th century (Knight,
1992) and in united Germany over whether Berlin
should once again become the capital.
Other territorial processes include:
' Boundary establishment-—the creation of limits to a
territory. This can involve dynamic processes, as
govemments determine the areal extent of their con-
trol. Boundary conflicts remain the primary cause
for conflict between States (Boundary Bulletin).
17
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268