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(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

  • p. 120 …To follow Ben Anderson (1983), it is the feeling of “othemess” one experiences while in exile…
  • p. 121 …In Ben Anderson’s terms, Dr. Sun was engaged in “stretching the short, tight skin of…
  • p. 126 …2018/06/01 C00123268 References Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflec- tions on the Origin and Spread…
  • p. 133 …erected on the ruins of ancient civilizations (Anderson; 1991). The same passions that inflamed modern European…
  • p. 135 …2018/06/01 C00123268 References Anderson, Benedict 1991. Imagined Communities: Hickey, Gerald 1982. Sons of the…
  • p. 182 …and Society, Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987. J. Anderson, “Nationalist ideology and territory," in Approved for Release…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
political analyses; Its power is ultimately to root
our understanding of ethnicity in a context that is not
simply one of political leadership and political initia-
tives. By focusing on the locational, territorial, and
environmental dimensions of ethnic conflict, a geo-
graphical perspective directs attention to basic opportu-
nities and constraints, to issues that may precipitate
tensions, and to vital connections across international
boundaries that may be missed if we approach ethnic
conflict on a state-by-state basis. Maps can be extraor-
dinarily important tools in this endeavor, for they
encourage us to think about the relationships between
ethnic processes on the one hand and their territorial
and environmental contexts on the other. Maps should
not be seen as ends unto themselves, however. Rather,
their usefulness is in helping us to see relationships and
issues that otherwise might be missed.
The perspectives on ethnic conflict outlined in this
paper are suggestive of a larger challenge for US for-
eign policy: the need to redefine our national interest
in a way that transcends conventional assumptions
about the power and static character of the existing
political-territorial order. Ethnic conflicts are likely to
intensify, not abate, in the years ahead, and in places
they may_well lead to changes in the political organi-
zation of territory. Since there is little the United
States can do to alter this situation, US foreign policy
should not be driven by the assumption that regional
stability is most likely to occur in places where there
are no changes in the world political map. Instead,
long-term stability is likely to be achieved only in sit-
uations where political and territorial arrangements
are organized to protect the basic cultural and political
rights of ethnic groups. This implies the need for a
US foreign policy that is open to political-territorial
structures that promote representative pluralism,
whether or not those structures reflect the existing
pattern of states.
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Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.