Documents / FOIA release

(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

  • p. 9 …He also dis- cusses how various groups have reacted to rising terri- torial nationalism. Approved for…
  • p. 18 …The issue of sense of territory is thus closely linked to the second core terri- torial…
  • p. 19 …The latter encompasses laws that set aside some terri- tory for a given ethnic group. The…
  • p. 28 …The link between territory, identity, and terri- toriality becomes especially dynamic when discord exists between two…
  • p. 32 …Murphy made about ethnic mobili- zation and socioeconomic status as they relate to terri- toriality. Dr…
  • p. 33 …suggest giving the old provinces more political-terri- torial significance within the state. Then their citizens…
  • p. 50 …The Serbs want Krajina as a piece of geographical terri- tory, and the Serbs who live…
  • p. 52 …Sovereignty over European terri- tory was initially determined by church and dynastic settlements following periodic warfare…
  • p. 66 …That may mean some of the kinds of terri- torial policies that I suggested. It also…
  • p. 76 …National identity and terri- torial identity have been intimately interrelated, and a rising sense of national…
  • p. 79 …The big- gest threat to Russia today in terms of its intemal terri- torial integrity is…
  • p. 153 …The real crux of the terri- torial problem is one of scale because the homoge- neity…
  • p. 184 …Nevertheless, many geographers will agree that one of the most important characteristics of‘terri- tory is…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
Today, we have 53 states in Europe; there were 32 in
1991. That is a major change. It is the largest change
in Europe since 1917 or 1648, depending on how you
look at it. It has been done largely without violence
and largely within a relatively democratic context, and
it has been agreed to by those states. The United
States has recognized those states: the Czech Repub-
lic, Slovakia, the Baltic states, and the other states that
have emerged from the former Soviet Union, as well
as those from Yugoslavia.
So it is possible to reconcile the idea ofaccepting the
concept of territorial integrity and that of peaceful
changes of borders. It is difficult, but I do not see any
major intellectual pitfall. I think US policy has cer-
tainly evolved over the last two years on this quest.
DR. SCHWARTZBERG: One of the things that I
think we can do is to try to empower the only interna-
tional organization that ought to have universal legiti-
macy—the United Nations. One of the UN’s major
organs, the Trusteeship Council, has virtually nothing
to do any longer. There is no reason why the Council
should not be transformed into a Human Rights Coun-
cil and be run by a high commissioner for human
rights, who would have greatly expanded powers.
While very fewnations are not guilty of some
excesses in regard to human rights, some are much
worse than others, and those are the ones that have to
be tackled first. We need an agency with legitimacy to
do that.
The UN can do that. It will make mistakes to be sure,
but we should get behind the UN and give it power to
address global problems. Global problems require glo-
bal solutions. The UN ought to be the global instru-
rnent.
194
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.