Documents / FOIA release
(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995
Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer
This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.
“Nevers”25 pages
- p. 50 …For example,
Muslim Serbs and Muslim Croats never defined them-
selves as a people. They never…
- p. 51 …I think that’s very crucial to under-
standing why the Albanians never claimed Kosovo.
Of…
- p. 62 …be taught as a second foreign language, never
as the first, and d_) less information and…
- p. 78 …It never
was. It might be useful, instead, to view the Soviet
Union as a colonial…
- p. 91 …As such, the
ability of states to get from their people what they
want has never…
- p. 92 …The peoples of Africa never chose what their bound-
aries should be—they were imposed by…
- p. 93 …I never would have sent them in the
first place. I thought our job was to…
- p. 109 …Most of
the provisions of this agreement were never imple-
mented, and Kurdish autononiy became a…
- p. 110 …those remaining in Lebanon, that prospect was
never accepted by Muslims. The absence of believable
data…
- p. 112 …the vast majority of them—who have
never known democracy. Other hopes can be enter-
tained…
- p. 114 …But in this region we can never say never, as evi-
denced by the recent gasp…
- p. 116 …Although Sovietologists could never have predicted
the rapid events that dismantled the USSR at the
beginning…
- p. 119 …The Chinese, in my opinion,‘ never take China for
granted, culturally, politically, or otherwise. This is…
- p. 120 …What is going on here?
National identities, although imagined, are never arbi-
trary but arise in…
- p. 121 …be one reason why these categories have never been
challenged. The very Confucian practice of the…
- p. 123 …These ethnic identities are “imagined” in Ben Ander-
son’s (1983) terms, but they are never…
- p. 133 …Inter-
vention in the cause of the exacerbation of ethnic
conflict should never be justified. Intervention…
- p. 141 …Sociocultural identities in South Asia have never been
fixed. The corporate mobility of particular groups,
some…
- p. 147 …Although never posing a
serious challenge to Congress, the Mahasabha was
particularly influential in the period…
- p. 157 …were always moderate and that the extremists
never represented the Sikh rank and file.
One fundamental…
- p. 166 …These are the people who
have never had any form of internationally recognized
status and who…
- p. 169 …ways to enter as
illegal immigrants and never get counted.
1
I
Another important point to…
- p. 177 …The -French nation never managed to incorpo-
rate the adjacent French-speaking Belgian Walloons
or the…
- p. 186 …The reason
Armenians still hate Turks is that there has never been
reconciliation. Similarly there will…
- p. 204 …You are never going to have total agreement on mov-
ing boundaries. In fact, hundreds of…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
Conclusion
Let me conclude by noting one of the main problems
of the international response to forced migrations with
ethnic components. That is, that migration regimes are
set up on a bilateral basis that impinge on multilateral
responses to regional problems. Individual states are
setting laws while the responses to refugee-producing
crises-~often related to ethnic conflict—a.re multilat-
eral.
Further, the UN is increasingly finding it difficult to
intervene in many countries; they do not have the full
mandate to deal with the internally displaced. In con-
clusion, it is difficult for policymakers to do more than
react to the latest refugee crises. By attempting to mit-
igate refugee fiows by tailoring policies to react to
events at local and regional levels, it will be easier to
respond to, if not predict, ethnic conflict that dismpts
the entire state. If that is done, govemments will be
able at least to reduce the trauma of forced migrants
and refugees, if not eliminate the cause of their move-
ment altogether.
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
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About this file
FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.