Documents / FOIA release

(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

  • p. 9 …He also dis- cusses how various groups have reacted to rising terri- torial nationalism. Approved for…
  • p. 18 …The issue of sense of territory is thus closely linked to the second core terri- torial…
  • p. 19 …The latter encompasses laws that set aside some terri- tory for a given ethnic group. The…
  • p. 28 …The link between territory, identity, and terri- toriality becomes especially dynamic when discord exists between two…
  • p. 32 …Murphy made about ethnic mobili- zation and socioeconomic status as they relate to terri- toriality. Dr…
  • p. 33 …suggest giving the old provinces more political-terri- torial significance within the state. Then their citizens…
  • p. 50 …The Serbs want Krajina as a piece of geographical terri- tory, and the Serbs who live…
  • p. 52 …Sovereignty over European terri- tory was initially determined by church and dynastic settlements following periodic warfare…
  • p. 66 …That may mean some of the kinds of terri- torial policies that I suggested. It also…
  • p. 76 …National identity and terri- torial identity have been intimately interrelated, and a rising sense of national…
  • p. 79 …The big- gest threat to Russia today in terms of its intemal terri- torial integrity is…
  • p. 153 …The real crux of the terri- torial problem is one of scale because the homoge- neity…
  • p. 184 …Nevertheless, many geographers will agree that one of the most important characteristics of‘terri- tory is…
‘Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
DR. SCHWARTZBERG: The Indian Govemment has
been willing to pull back. This has not happened yet in
Kashmir and Punjab, however.
QUESTION: Would you comment on the Kashmir sit-
uation? §
DR. SCHWARTZBERG: I plan to work on Kashmir
during the coming year. The people in Kashmir are
alienated to a degree that willpreclude their reconcili-
ation with India. I cannot predict exactly the shape of
the future of Kashmir, but I will predict that there will
be a significant change in the situation there.
I am more optimistic in the case of Punjab, a richer
area and strategically much more important. There
seem to be signs that India has the Punjab situation
l
s
F
Reverse Blank , 149
under control. However, the raid on the Golden Tem-
ple will not soon be forgotten, nor the many other
human rights abuses that the Indian Govemment has
committed in the name of quelling that insurrection. I
believe, however, that the prospects for reconciliation
exist, and many people who know Punjab better than I
do say that, even at the worst of times, the majority of
Sikhs were always moderate and that the extremists
never represented the Sikh rank and file.
One fundamental difference between Kashmir and the
Punjab is that the dissociation of Punjab from India
would probably let loose an unstoppable Ball<aniza-
tion of India, while dissociation of Kashmir would not
necessarily result in such an outcome.
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.