Documents / FOIA release

(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

  • p. 50 …For example, Muslim Serbs and Muslim Croats never defined them- selves as a people. They never…
  • p. 51 …I think that’s very crucial to under- standing why the Albanians never claimed Kosovo. Of…
  • p. 62 …be taught as a second foreign language, never as the first, and d_) less information and…
  • p. 78 …It never was. It might be useful, instead, to view the Soviet Union as a colonial…
  • p. 91 …As such, the ability of states to get from their people what they want has never…
  • p. 92 …The peoples of Africa never chose what their bound- aries should be—they were imposed by…
  • p. 93 …I never would have sent them in the first place. I thought our job was to…
  • p. 109 …Most of the provisions of this agreement were never imple- mented, and Kurdish autononiy became a…
  • p. 110 …those remaining in Lebanon, that prospect was never accepted by Muslims. The absence of believable data…
  • p. 112 …the vast majority of them—who have never known democracy. Other hopes can be enter- tained…
  • p. 114 …But in this region we can never say never, as evi- denced by the recent gasp…
  • p. 116 …Although Sovietologists could never have predicted the rapid events that dismantled the USSR at the beginning…
  • p. 119 …The Chinese, in my opinion,‘ never take China for granted, culturally, politically, or otherwise. This is…
  • p. 120 …What is going on here? National identities, although imagined, are never arbi- trary but arise in…
  • p. 121 …be one reason why these categories have never been challenged. The very Confucian practice of the…
  • p. 123 …These ethnic identities are “imagined” in Ben Ander- son’s (1983) terms, but they are never…
  • p. 133 …Inter- vention in the cause of the exacerbation of ethnic conflict should never be justified. Intervention…
  • p. 141 …Sociocultural identities in South Asia have never been fixed. The corporate mobility of particular groups, some…
  • p. 147 …Although never posing a serious challenge to Congress, the Mahasabha was particularly influential in the period…
  • p. 157 …were always moderate and that the extremists never represented the Sikh rank and file. One fundamental…
  • p. 166 …These are the people who have never had any form of internationally recognized status and who…
  • p. 169 …ways to enter as illegal immigrants and never get counted. 1 I Another important point to…
  • p. 177 …The -French nation never managed to incorpo- rate the adjacent French-speaking Belgian Walloons or the…
  • p. 186 …The reason Armenians still hate Turks is that there has never been reconciliation. Similarly there will…
  • p. 204 …You are never going to have total agreement on mov- ing boundaries. In fact, hundreds of…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
References
Paul Brass. Ethnicity and Nationalism. Theory and
Comparison. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1991. A
penetrating analysis based primarily on the author’s
abundant empirical research in India, with numerous
comparisons to the Soviet Union and other areas.
Breton, Roland J. L. Atlas geographique des langues
et des ethnies de l’Inde et du subcontinent: Bang-
ladesh, Pakistan. Sri Lanka. Nepal. Bhoutan. Sikkim.
Quebec: Les Presses de l‘Universite Laval, 1976.
Includes scores of ingenious maps and other graphics,
treating census data on language diachronically and
more completely than in any other work.
Crane, Robert 1., ed., Regions and Regionalism in
South Asian Studies: An Exploratory Study. Durham,
North Carolina: Duke University Program in Compar-
ative Studies on Southern Asia, Monograph and Occa-
sional Paper Series, Monograph Number Five, 1967.
Studies from the disciplinary perspectives of geogra-
phy, history, anthropology, sociology, and political
science together with critical commentary.
David, Kenneth, ed., The New Vlfind: Changing Identi-
ties in South Asia. The Hague and Paris: Mouton Pub-
lishers, 1977. The 17 papers in this anthology, all by
anthropologists (including 10 from South Asia itself)
are mainly theoretical and deal with identities in con-
texts that, although generally not ethnic, nevertheless
will provide numerous insights applicable to the study
of ethnicity.
Gleason, Henry Allan, Jr. Religious Communities in
the Indias. -Fancy Gap, Virginia: 1946. An empirical
study marked by historical depth and exceptionally
detailed maps of individual religious groups in many
regions of South and Southeast Asia.
Grierson, Sir George Abraham. Linguistic Survey of
India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1967-68. ll vols.
[lst ed. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendant of Gov-
ernment Printing, I903-22]. Despite its early date and
its largely technical nature, this pioneering and monu-
mental study retains remarkable utility.
Harrison, Selig S. India: The Most Dangerous
Decades. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University
Press, 1960. A penetrating and prescient look at the
political dynamics of the early period of Indian inde-
pendence, focusing, inter alia on regional elites, caste
lobbies, and various ethnically based stresses.
Kothari, Rajni, -ed., Caste in Indian Politics. New
Delhi: Orient Longman, Ltd., 1970. Includes nine case
studies of caste movements and of'~the involvement of
castes in specific political contexts from a wide vari-
ety of regional contexts.
Mahar, J. Michael, ed., The Untouchables in Contem-
porary India. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona
Press, I972. An excellent anthology providing a
diversity of views and empirical studies relating to the
formerly untouchable castes of India.
Maloney, Clarence. Peoples of South Asia. New York:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1974. Written as a
textbook, this work provides a very balanced, easy to
comprehend overview of the many factors that con-
tribute to South Asian identities.
Mandelbaum, David G. Societv in India. vol. I, Conti-
nuity and Change and vol. 2, Change and Continuity.
Berkeley, California: University of California Press,
1970. This work covers much the same ground as that
of Maloney but in greater depth and with more
emphasis on changes over time.
Raza, Moonis and Ahmad, Aijazudduin. An Atlas of
Tribal India, Vlfith Computed Tables of District Level
Data and Its Geographical Interpretation. New Delhi:
Concept Publishing Company, 1990. Mapping of data
on tribal population from the 1961 and 1971 censuses
of India, throwing much light on the distribution and
social and economic status of tribal populations.
Risley, Sir Herbert Hope. The People of India. 2nd
edition, ed. by W. Crooke. Delhi: Oriental Books
142
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.