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(Estimated Pub Date) the Challenge of Ethnic Conflict to National and International Order in the 1990S: Geographic Perspectives- October 1995

Central Intelligence Agency · 1995-10-01 · 205 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Central Intelligence Agency conference report, numbered RTT 95-10039 and dated October 1995, presents the proceedings of a conference held 30 September to 1 October 1993. The CIA's Geographic Resources Division sponsored the conference. In it, academic geographers, anthropologists and US Government officials examined ethnic conflict by region, covering Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia and South Asia. The report also discusses what these conflicts mean for US policy. It does not deal with UFOs or unidentified aerial phenomena.

  • p. 120 …To follow Ben Anderson (1983), it is the feeling of “othemess” one experiences while in exile…
  • p. 121 …In Ben Anderson’s terms, Dr. Sun was engaged in “stretching the short, tight skin of…
  • p. 126 …2018/06/01 C00123268 References Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflec- tions on the Origin and Spread…
  • p. 133 …erected on the ruins of ancient civilizations (Anderson; 1991). The same passions that inflamed modern European…
  • p. 135 …2018/06/01 C00123268 References Anderson, Benedict 1991. Imagined Communities: Hickey, Gerald 1982. Sons of the…
  • p. 182 …and Society, Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987. J. Anderson, “Nationalist ideology and territory," in Approved for Release…
Approved for Release: 2018/06/01 C00123268
Foresta, Ronald A., “Amazonia and the Politics of
Geopolitics,” The Geographical Review, 82/2 (1992),
pp. 128-42. Article contains a review of Brazilian geo-
political thought and discusses the ways in which its
application has affected Amazonian development.
Gopal, Manan M., Politics, Race, and Youth in Guy-
ana. San Francisco: Mellen Research University
Press, 1992. This study of the attitudes of Indian youth
toward changes in race relations in Guyana contains
interesting information on the history of race relations
in the country. The author concludes that there is con-
siderable sentiment on the part of Guayanese citizens
(as expressed by the youths who were interviewed) for
unity across racial lines but that govemment manipu-
lation of the electoral process prevented this from hap-
pening.
'
Greenberg, James B., Blood Ties: Life and Violence in
Rural Mexico. Tucson: The University of Arizona
Press, 1989. Analyzes violence in rural Mexico
through use of the biography of an Indian man from
the village of Yaitepec, followed by scholarly analysis
of the reasons for violence. See especially chapter
12 on land conflicts and the following Part Il, “Expla-
nations of Rural Violence in Mexico.”
I-Iecht, Susanna and Alexander Cockbum, The Fate of
the Forest: Developers, Destroyers and Defenders of
the Amazon. London & New York: Verso, 1989. This
book has become one of the most quoted sources on
the policies and processes that account for environ-
mental and human destruction in the Amazon Basin.
The focus is on Brazil. This book is essential reading
for background on ethnic conflict in the South Ameri-
can lowlands.
Hemming, John, ed., “The Frontier After a Decade of
Colonization,” Change in the Amazon Basin, vol. II,
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985. A
collection of 20 papers that deal with the impact of
colonization in the Amazon Basin. This volume deals
with the processes and impacts of colonization but not
explicitly with ethnic conflict.
Jeffrey, Henry B. and Colin Baber, Guyana: Politics,
Economics and Society, Beyond the Bumham Era.
London: Francis Pinter and Boulder, CO: Lynne
Rienner, 1986. A survey that provides interesting
historical background and analysis of the Guyanese
situation through the end of the Bumham era.
Kimmerling, Judith, Amazon Crude. Natural
Resources Defense Council, 1991. An informative but
polemical report on the impact of oil production on
the environment and people of the Ecuadorian Ama-
zon.
Little, Paul E., Ecologia Politica del Cuyabeno:
El Desarrollo no Sostenible de la Amazonia. Quito:
Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones
Sociales (ILDOS) y -Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. A
timely analysis of impacts of oil exploration and pro-
duction on Ecuador’s Cuyabeno National Park and its
population. This book is a useful introduction to the
principal points of conflict within the Ecuadorian
Amazon.
Mallon, Florencia E., “Indian Communities, Political
Cultures, and the State in Latin America, 1780-1990,”
Journal of Latin American Studies, 24: Quincentenary
Supplement (1992), pp. 35-53. A review of the history
of the role of indigenous political cultures to the for-
mation of nation-states in Latin America. The author
concludes that Indian movements will play an increas-
ingly important role in resolving the region’s cultural
and environmental conflicts.
Mars, Perry, “Ethnic Conflict and Political Control:
The Guyana Case,” Social and Economic Studies,
39:3 (1990), pp. 65-94. A review of the history of eth-
nic conflict in Guyana before and following indepen-
dence and up to the death of Forbes Bumham in 1985.
The author concludes that there is a close connection
between ethnic conflict and class conflict. Also, ethnic
conflict varied depending on the nature of the political
environment, with plurflist pre-independence systems
leading to relatively peaceful relationships while the
authoritarian Bumham government intensified ethnic
conflict.
Nietschnamm, Bernard, “The Third World War,” Cul-
tural Survival Quarterly, 11:3 (1987), pp. 1-16. The
recognized expert on ethnic conflict among geogra-
phers reviews conflicts between states and “autono-
mous nations,” (traditional ethnic minorities) around
the world. A fundamental introduction to the topic.
94
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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 205 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.