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Central Intelligence Agency · 1990-01-01 · 53 pages · text by GLM-OCR

This Central Intelligence Agency file is a 1991 JPRS translation, report JPRS-USP-91-005. It carries the annotation and text of a Soviet brochure on the space program, written by one of the first cosmonauts. The brochure reviews what manned and unmanned spaceflight have achieved and calls the American lunar program a costly dead end pursued for prestige. It then proposes future tasks, including environmental monitoring satellites, orbiting factories, an international monitoring system, Mars sample return, radio telescopes and space robots.

  • p. 6 …fragments fall to Earth. If the altitude of the injection orbit is low (less than 200…
  • p. 12 …Such operations include studies performed with space telescopes placed in circumsolar and near-Earth orbits and…
  • p. 15 …Inexpensive reusable transport systems for transport operations between low orbit and geostationary orbit. 126. 18. Space…
  • p. 21 …Radio telescopes in near-Earth orbits or, what is more effective, in Sun-satellite orbits may…
  • p. 24 …glance, to offer important advantages over Earth-based and orbital telescopes. 169. The last task could…
  • p. 33 …acceleration from a low, near-Earth orbit to a high, injection orbit (beyond the Earth's…
  • p. 35 …injection of mission spacecraft into a low, near-Earth, assembly orbit, and use of transport craft…
  • p. 36 …communications with Earth, the mission module, and the Mars rover (via the orbiter). 247. Because of…
  • p. 37 …Based on a cost of $5,000/kg to put a payload into low orbit, using…
  • p. 39 …The booster-rocket stage must lift the spacecraft from a low, near-Earth orbit to an…
  • p. 40 …from Earth in a transport spacecraft that travels between Earth and the low-orbit servicing station…
  • p. 41 …travels between Earth and orbit and the costs of operating the low-orbit servicing station, which…
  • p. 42 …cost of putting the cargo into low, near-Earth orbit were assumed to be $5,000…
  • p. 52 …Low-orbit systems of standardized satellites for environmental monitoring, studies of natural resources, and weather observations…
  • p. 53 …low orbit and geostationary orbit. 353. 10. Space robots for operations in open space in Earth…

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cargo spacecraft.

288. Such a craft would take the form of a reusable tow craft with electric engines that receive the electrical energy for their operation from solar panels. With a tow craft mass of about 30 tons, and about 10-12 tons of that being fuel, the tow craft could deliver 10 tons of cargo to a base in geostationary orbit, i.e., it would use about a kilogram of its fuel for each kilogram of payload. Thus, the delivery of 20 tons of cargo to a base in geostationary orbit would cost $200-250 million (even if the cost of putting the cargo into low, near-Earth orbit were assumed to be $5,000/kg). Such a tow craft, of course, would have a big drawback: the slowness of the delivery of cargo, since its flight from low orbit to geostationary orbit would take several months.

289. For that very reason, and because the craft would be long in the radiation belts, spacecraft with electric engines will hardly be used to delivery crews to bases in geostationary orbit (a crew would have to sit in the small space of a radiation shelter for two months during the flight).

## 290. Space Settlements

291. The Earth is overpopulated. The ecological problems that have risen up before mankind at the end of our century are the result of not only the irresponsible waste of natural resources and imprudent industrial and agricultural practices, but also the fact that there are already too many people on Earth. Maybe that's why the old idea of resettling people in space is again beginning to attract attention. Since the 1970s, suggestions have been appearing on the creation of space settlements.

292. One of the most brilliant projects belongs to J. O'Haley. He and a group of enthusiasts have developed and proposed several types of space settlements that differ in size and whose populations range from 10,000 to 20 million. In the latter case, the settlement consists of two parallel cylinders joined by a frame; each cylinder is 6.4 km across and 12 km long. The cylinders are rotated about their axes at a rate of 0.53 rpm, which produces a centrifugal acceleration on the inner surface, which is inhabited by the people of the settlement, and that acceleration is equal to the normal acceleration of the force of gravity on the Earth's surface.

293. The cylinders rotate in opposite directions to compensate for their angular momentum, so it won't interfere with the orientation of the settlement. The axes of the cylinders point to the Sun. Part of the wall (roughly half) is transparent, and offset, cylindrical mirrors direct the light from the Sun into the cylinders. The length

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About this file

FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. The text was read from the page images by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word. 53 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.