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Central Intelligence Agency · 1990-01-01 · 53 pages · text by GLM-OCR

This Central Intelligence Agency file is a 1991 JPRS translation, report JPRS-USP-91-005. It carries the annotation and text of a Soviet brochure on the space program, written by one of the first cosmonauts. The brochure reviews what manned and unmanned spaceflight have achieved and calls the American lunar program a costly dead end pursued for prestige. It then proposes future tasks, including environmental monitoring satellites, orbiting factories, an international monitoring system, Mars sample return, radio telescopes and space robots.

  • p. 6 …fragments fall to Earth. If the altitude of the injection orbit is low (less than 200…
  • p. 12 …Such operations include studies performed with space telescopes placed in circumsolar and near-Earth orbits and…
  • p. 15 …Inexpensive reusable transport systems for transport operations between low orbit and geostationary orbit. 126. 18. Space…
  • p. 21 …Radio telescopes in near-Earth orbits or, what is more effective, in Sun-satellite orbits may…
  • p. 24 …glance, to offer important advantages over Earth-based and orbital telescopes. 169. The last task could…
  • p. 33 …acceleration from a low, near-Earth orbit to a high, injection orbit (beyond the Earth's…
  • p. 35 …injection of mission spacecraft into a low, near-Earth, assembly orbit, and use of transport craft…
  • p. 36 …communications with Earth, the mission module, and the Mars rover (via the orbiter). 247. Because of…
  • p. 37 …Based on a cost of $5,000/kg to put a payload into low orbit, using…
  • p. 39 …The booster-rocket stage must lift the spacecraft from a low, near-Earth orbit to an…
  • p. 40 …from Earth in a transport spacecraft that travels between Earth and the low-orbit servicing station…
  • p. 41 …travels between Earth and orbit and the costs of operating the low-orbit servicing station, which…
  • p. 42 …cost of putting the cargo into low, near-Earth orbit were assumed to be $5,000…
  • p. 52 …Low-orbit systems of standardized satellites for environmental monitoring, studies of natural resources, and weather observations…
  • p. 53 …low orbit and geostationary orbit. 353. 10. Space robots for operations in open space in Earth…

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# Concatenated JPRS Reports, 1991

Document 5 of 10

order of 50 tons. If we assume the cost of manufacturing the craft to be around $50 million and the cost of placing a payload into orbit to be $5,000/kg (half as expensive as putting a payload in orbit from the Shuttle), then for an expendable spacecraft we get a figure of around $300 million in expense for each crew change on a base in geostationary orbit.

268. Could we cut the costs of a crew change by developing and using a reusable manned transport spacecraft for the flights from the low intermediate orbit to the geostationary orbit and back?

269. Such a spacecraft could be seen as consisting of the crew flight deck, the equipment section with the retropropulsion system (which operates on high-boiling-point components), a booster-rocket stage that burns oxygen and hydrogen, and an aerodynamic shield that plays the simultaneous role of speed brake and heat shield.

270. Such a reusable spacecraft, without any recovery capsule, could operate in the following profile:

271. the retropropulsion system of a reusable spacecraft that is docked with a low-orbit servicing station is fueled with high-boiling-point propellant components

272. the next shift of cosmonauts lifts off from Earth in a transport spacecraft that travels between Earth and the low-orbit servicing station and that performs a rendezvous and docking with the station

273. the reusable spacecraft is fueled with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, and the cosmonauts transfer to the reusable spacecraft

274. the reusable spacecraft separates from the servicing station, the engine of its booster stage is switched on, and it transfers to an elliptical orbit of flight for the geostationary orbit

275. at the apogee of the elliptical orbit, the engine of the booster stage cuts-in again, and the spacecraft transfers to geostationary orbit near the base

276. the spacecraft performs a rendezvous and docking with the orbital unit of the base by using its retropropulsion system

277. the crew transfers to the orbital unit of the base and begins its work.

278. When the crew finishes its tour of duty six months or a year later, it transfers to the reusable spacecraft, which separates from

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About this file

FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. The text was read from the page images by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word. 53 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.