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Central Intelligence Agency · 1990-01-01 · 53 pages · text by GLM-OCR

This Central Intelligence Agency file is a 1991 JPRS translation, report JPRS-USP-91-005. It carries the annotation and text of a Soviet brochure on the space program, written by one of the first cosmonauts. The brochure reviews what manned and unmanned spaceflight have achieved and calls the American lunar program a costly dead end pursued for prestige. It then proposes future tasks, including environmental monitoring satellites, orbiting factories, an international monitoring system, Mars sample return, radio telescopes and space robots.

  • p. 6 …fragments fall to Earth. If the altitude of the injection orbit is low (less than 200…
  • p. 12 …Such operations include studies performed with space telescopes placed in circumsolar and near-Earth orbits and…
  • p. 15 …Inexpensive reusable transport systems for transport operations between low orbit and geostationary orbit. 126. 18. Space…
  • p. 21 …Radio telescopes in near-Earth orbits or, what is more effective, in Sun-satellite orbits may…
  • p. 24 …glance, to offer important advantages over Earth-based and orbital telescopes. 169. The last task could…
  • p. 33 …acceleration from a low, near-Earth orbit to a high, injection orbit (beyond the Earth's…
  • p. 35 …injection of mission spacecraft into a low, near-Earth, assembly orbit, and use of transport craft…
  • p. 36 …communications with Earth, the mission module, and the Mars rover (via the orbiter). 247. Because of…
  • p. 37 …Based on a cost of $5,000/kg to put a payload into low orbit, using…
  • p. 39 …The booster-rocket stage must lift the spacecraft from a low, near-Earth orbit to an…
  • p. 40 …from Earth in a transport spacecraft that travels between Earth and the low-orbit servicing station…
  • p. 41 …travels between Earth and orbit and the costs of operating the low-orbit servicing station, which…
  • p. 42 …cost of putting the cargo into low, near-Earth orbit were assumed to be $5,000…
  • p. 52 …Low-orbit systems of standardized satellites for environmental monitoring, studies of natural resources, and weather observations…
  • p. 53 …low orbit and geostationary orbit. 353. 10. Space robots for operations in open space in Earth…

Read from the scan by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word.

# Concatenated JPRS Reports, 1991

## Document 5 of 10

reduced by two orders of magnitude. The task, however, is not a hopeless one. In economic terms, the Shuttle system is an order of magnitude more expensive than even today's expendable launch vehicles. And reducing spending by an order of magnitude by switching to a new type of reusable launch vehicle is not impossible. Of course, at the same time we would have to also solve the problem of moving materials that had been placed in a low intermediate orbit to a geostationary orbit.

144. And on that segment of travel, the expense would have to be about the same, i.e., for that segment we would also have to create cheap reusable systems that would probably use solar panels and electric engines.

145. Orienting the gigantic trusswork panels toward the Sun is a problem that is entirely solvable. After all, in practical terms, we would have to rotate the panel at a constant rate equal to one revolution per year.

146. Building the power plant in orbit would require specialized production. It would require builders. They would need housing-orbital stations. Of course, all production would have to be as standardized and automated as possible. The construction would have to be done primarily by robots. Which is why there would be only a few people there. They could work in orbit for, say, no more than a year per ''tour,'' which would mean that artificial gravity would not be needed on the builders' stations.

147. There are, of course, many other problems associated with the creation of orbiting solar electric power stations: the conversion of enormous outputs of electrical energy to radio waves, the onboard directional antenna with a diameter of about a kilometer, the systems for receiving the powerful stream of radio waves and converting them back into electrical energy, etc. But all those problems are in the realm of reality.

148. Space-based electric power plants are attractive because they can make a substantial contribution to the solution of one of the most difficult problems facing mankind today-the creation of ecologically clean power engineering. This is not an attempt to convince the reader that orbiting solar electric power stations represent the only sensible means of solving that problem. It cannot be seriously compared with any other until competitive projects as such are developed. But it is one possible, hopeful solution.

149. Orbiting Factories

150. Automated factories in orbit are promising and feasible.

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About this file

FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. The text was read from the page images by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word. 53 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.