Documents / FOIA release

The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; the U-2 and Oxcart Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1900-01-01 · 406 pages · text by GLM-OCR

This is a 1992 CIA History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, originally classified Secret NOFORN and approved for release in 2013. It covers the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974 and the two aircraft it developed, the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART. The history covers the U-2 overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers and later operations in Asia and Latin America. It also includes a section on U-2s, UFOs and Operation BLUE BOOK.

Read from the scan by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word.

## Secret NOFORN

Hiring U-2 Pilots ... 73

Pilot Training ... 75

Final Tests of the U-2 ... 76

Three Fatal Crashes in 1956 ... 79

Coordination of Collection Requirements ... 80

Preparations To Handle the Product of U-2 Missions ... 82

The Impact of the Air Force Project GENETRIX Balloons ... 84

AQUATONE Briefings for Selected Members of Congress ... 88

The U-2 Cover Story ... 89

Chapter 3

U-2 Operations in the Soviet Bloc and Middle East, 1956-1958

The Deployment of Detachment A to Lakenheath ... 94

The Move to Wiesbaden ... 95

President Eisenhower’s Attitude Toward Overflights ... 96

First Overflights of Eastern Europe ... 100

First U-2 Flights Over the Soviet Union ... 104

Soviet Protest Note ... 109

The End of the Bomber Gap ... 111

Tactical Intelligence From U-2s During the Suez Crisis ... 112

Renewed Overflights of the Soviet Union ... 122

Radar-Deceptive “Dirty Birds” ... 128

The New Detachment C ... 133

Detachment B Flights From Pakistan ... 135

The Decline of Detachment A ... 139

... 142

Declining Overflight Activity ... 143

Concerns About Soviet Countermeasures Against the U-2 ... 147

More Powerful Engines for the U-2 ... 149

Intervention in Lebanon, 1958 ... 152

British Participation in the U-2 Project ... 153

The U-2 Project at the Beginning of 1959 ... 157

# Chapter 4

The Final Overflights of the Soviet Union, 1959-1960

The U-2 and the “Missile-Gap” Debate... 159

The Last Overflight: Operation GRAND SLAM... 170

The Aftermath of the U-2 Downing... 177

The Withdrawal of the Overseas Detachments... 181

The Fate of Francis Gary Powers... 183

Changes in Overflight Procedures After May 1960... 187

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About this file

FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. The text was read from the page images by GLM-OCR; expect the odd misread word. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.